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Adoptee Kimbra Butterworth was well into adulthood when she confirmed she was a victim of an infamous Taiwanese baby smuggler.

If it weren't for dogged family and media investigations plus a bit of luck, she may have never found out.

"I may never find my [biological] family because of all these circumstances that someone else did that was completely out of my control," she said.

Adoption papers show Ms Kimbra was born in Taiwan in 1980, the supposed fifth child of a family with the surname Chen.

But the family names were forged, leaving her in the dark about her biological parents' true identities.

Punjab & Haryana HC Seeks Clarification from Centre on NOC for Inter-Country Adoption Relocation

Chandigarh: In a case highlighting the complex legal hurdles of international adoption, the Punjab and Haryana High Court has asked the Centre to clarify the No-Objection Certificate (NOC) for inter-country adoption relocation. The move came after Australian authorities sought an NOC from the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) before allowing the children to move abroad.

Justice Jagmohan Bansal passed the orders while hearing a petition filed by Manisha Saini, a 42-year-old Indian citizen residing in Gold Coast, Queensland (Australia), seeking the relocation of her two minor nieces, one aged 17 years and the other 13 years. She approached the court seeking directions to the authorities to issue an NOC-cum-support letter required for inter-country relocation adoption.

Case Background

The certificate is essential for the nieces to obtain Australian visas and join their adoptive mother. Manisha's sister, Sushma, died in September 2016. Following Manisha's divorce in 2020 and the death of her mother in 2022, a unanimous family decision was made for her to adopt the girls.

The Royal Government of Cambodia is not processing intercountry adoptions with other countries at this time. The Department of State is still not able to issue Hague Certificates in adoptions from Cambodia. However, the Department continues its efforts to work with the Government of Cambodia to resume intercountry adoption.

In March 2015, Adoption Division Chief Trish Maskew and Special Assistant to the Special Advisor for Children’s Issues Kathy Sacco traveled to Cambodia and met with the Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth (MOSVY) Inter-country Adoption Administration (ICAA); the Ministry of Justice (MOJ); a group of adoption receiving country representatives; and UNICEF to discuss Cambodia’s desire to memorialize understandings regarding how State Parties seek to process Convention cases.  Ms. Maskew and Ms. Sacco also participated in a multi-day, USAID-hosted Co-Creation Workshop, where 30 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) discussed broad issues related to child welfare, such as the efforts in place to support Cambodian families to care for their children at vulnerable times and find permanent placements for children if they are removed from the family. The Department of State raised the importance of maintaining intercountry adoption as a small but important part of the overall action plan for seeking permanency for Cambodia’s children. The workshop was part of Cambodia’s Family Care First initiative, rooted in the U.S. government’s Action Plan for Children in Adversity.  

During their meetings, the Cambodian Director of the Inter-country Adoption Administration shared Cambodia’s accomplishments completing laws and regulations related to intercountry adoption and requested the Department’s review of these regulations and proposed procedures. The ICAA noted that UNICEF has worked with MOSVY’s Child Welfare Department (CWD) to develop a child protection case management system and that the pilot of this system is now operating in five provinces.

The Department of State’s Special Advisor for Children’s Issues, Ambassador Susan Jacobs, led a discussion with multiple other receiving countries on intercountry adoptions and Cambodia during the the Fourth Special Commission of the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Intercountry Adoption (Special Commission), held June 8-12, 2015 in The Hague. The goal was to discuss how countries might collectively promote an intercountry adoption system that successfully protects the best interests of the child as Cambodia looks to begin processing Convention cases for the first time. At the meeting, several countries expressed interest in joining the United States in sending a letter to MOSVY to seek clarification on questions and areas of mutual interest regarding Cambodia’s law, regulations and procedures.

Ambassador Susan Jacobs met again with Cambodian adoption officials in Phnom Penh from October 7-11, 2015. During her visit, Ambassador Jacobs hand-delivered to MOSVY a joint letter endorsed by the Central Authorities of Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, requesting clarification of Cambodia’s envisioned Convention adoption process. The Government of Cambodia’s response to the issues raised in the letter is necessary for the United States to fully understand several key issues, including the role that Cambodia seeks to take with regard to the supervision and monitoring of ASPs authorized by the Cambodian government. 

As 2015 came to a close, Cambodia continued its efforts to improve its mechanisms for child welfare and protection, including more oversight over child care institutions by requiring all child care institutions to register with the Cambodian government by March 11, 2016.
 
The Department of State will continue to publish updates related to Cambodian intercountry adoptions on http://adoptions.state.gov. c

By investigative reporter Alex Turner-Cohen, James Oaten and Giselle Wakatama

Topic:Adoption

Thu 12 MarThursday 12 March

Woman with hands in laps sitting on a chair.

A Korean-born Australian says she struggled to remove her adoptive parents from her birth certificate. (ABC News: Maren Preuss)

An apology for the state’s role in historic forced adoption is being “actively considered” by the Government, a minister has said.

Children and families minister Josh MacAlister said he recognised the urgency with which the issue needs to be addressed but did not commit to a timescale for when a formal apology might be issued.

An estimated 185,000 children were taken from unmarried mothers and adopted between 1949 and 1976 in England and Wales.

Administrations in Cardiff and Holyrood have previously said sorry to people affected but campaigners have long called for an apology from the Westminster Government.

A report by the UK Government’s Joint Committee on Human Rights (JCHR) in 2022 recommended ministers apologise to unmarried women who were “railroaded” into unwanted adoptions.

 

Cristina Inez Zuñiga from Costa Rica is now Sandra Vanessa Borhaug's legal parent. Sandra was adopted from Costa Rica to Norway without her mother's consent or knowledge. Now, her mother has adopted her daughter back. This has never happened in Norway before.

"I have been very sad, and now I am just very happy to have gotten my daughter back."

So says Cristina Inez Zuñiga to Utrop over the phone from Costa Rica. Her daughter, Sandra Vanessa Borhaug, is also part of the conversation.

Cristina is Sandra's biological mother. Sandra came to Norway through an international adoption—without Cristina's consent. Sandra was around 20 months old when she arrived in Norway.

South Korea's international adoption program, spanning 72 years from the post-Korean War era, has been exposed as a profound failure of state policy that prioritized cost-cutting over human rights. Once portrayed as a compassionate solution for war orphans, it systematically falsified documents and exported children to the US, Europe, and Australia, creating the world's largest adoptee diaspora.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission's recent findings confirm government complicity in widespread fraud, shifting narratives from salvation to systemic victimization driven by deliberate state policy choices.

Historical Roots of the Crisis

The program's origins trace back to the Korean War's devastation, when private agencies, backed by government leniency, began facilitating overseas adoptions without rigorous oversight. Under military rule in the 1970s and 1980s, it escalated dramatically as state policy framed foreign adoptions as an efficient alternative to building domestic welfare systems. Agencies falsified birth records, declared children orphans despite living relatives, and even swapped identities to meet international demand, all while the government avoided budget allocations for social support.

This era saw adoptions peak, with hundreds of thousands of children sent abroad, often under forged parental consents that violated basic human rights. The lack of regulatory frameworks enabled unchecked operations, turning a temporary measure into a decades-long industry. By the 1990s, as South Korea's economy boomed, the program persisted not out of necessity but as entrenched state policy that offloaded societal burdens like poverty and unwed motherhood stigma onto foreign families. The consequences endure, with adoptees now uncovering lies through DNA tests, revealing how state policy erased their origins and human rights for fiscal convenience.

Orignal Text(À la cour d’appel de Liège ce mardi, la Namuroise Julienne Mpemba, 48 ans, a vu sa peine être aggravée dans le dossier des enfants volés au Congo pour être adoptés en Belgique.Dans ce procès, la prévenue avait joué au chat et à la souris avec la cour, prétextant divers empêchements -maladie, stress, absence d’avocats- pour solliciter des remises et jouer la montre. Lors de la dernière audience, elle était absente et un médecin légiste avait été envoyé « à son chevet » le matin même : il avait conclu qu’elle était tout à fait en état de comparaître, et elle ne l’a pas fait. Le dossier avait été pris quand même en délibéré, sans plaidoirie de la défense mais avec les explications de la Namuroise Julienne Mpemba -l’affaire est tout de même jugée par défaut.

Poursuivie pour prise d’otages, enlèvements, trafic d’êtres humains, faux et usage de faux, escroquerie et corruption de fonctionnaires dans le cadre d’adoptions d’une douzaine d’enfants prétendument orphelins, elle a soutenu que tout s’était fait dans les règles, avec des enfants qui étaient adoptables… Le dossier, alimenté par de multiples preuves et témoignages, disait le contraire : les enfants avaient été arrachés à leur famille biologique, par la violence ou la ruse.Arrestation immédiate prononcée

Le parquet fédéral avait requis, eu égard à la gravité des faits commis et à leurs irréversibles conséquences pour ces enfants maintenant adolescents, pour leurs parents adoptifs et pour leurs parents biologiques, une peine de 15 ans d’emprisonnement. C’est presque la peine qui a été prononcée ce mardi devant la cour d’appel de Liège contre cette Namuroise d’origine congolaise, ancienne juriste au sein de la Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles : 14 ans. Au tribunal correctionnel de Namur, elle avait écopé de quatre ans de moins.

Eu égard à ses absences et au risque de fuite vers le Congo, où le dossier répressif montre qu’elle bénéficie de solides soutiens, la cour d’appel de Liège a prononcé l’arrestation immédiate de la quadragénaire, qui aurait encore été aperçue à Jambes ce lundi (elle n’était pas présente ce mardi à Liège). Elle fera sans doute opposition, mais il serait très étonnant que la cour la suive puisque désormais, une absence à son procès doit être justifiée pour que l’opposition soit recevable. Or sa pseudo-maladie a été invalidée par un légiste… Cette peine est donc, pour Julienne Mpemba, vraisemblablement définitive. Il reste le volet légal et le volet familial du dossier.

Translated Text(At the Liège Court of Appeal this Tuesday, Julienne Mpemba, 48, from Namur, saw her sentence increased in the case of children stolen from Congo to be adopted in Belgium.In this trial, the defendant played a game of cat and mouse with the court, citing various impediments—illness, stress, lack of legal representation—to request postponements and stall for time. At the last hearing, she was absent, and a forensic doctor was sent to examine her that very morning. He concluded that she was perfectly fit to appear, yet she failed to do so. The case was nevertheless taken under advisement, without a defense plea but with explanations from Julienne Mpemba of Namur—the case is, in fact, being tried in absentia.

https://www.siasat.com/telangana-hc-seeks-welfare-report-on-child-seized-in-illegal-adoption-case-3348920/