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Felix en het kindertehuis

dinsdag 6 oktober 2009

Felix en het kindertehuis






Donderdag 1 oktober mochten we Felix voor het eerst zien. We werden om 10.00 uur verwacht bij Children Welfare Society Kenya. Dit is de organisatie in Kenia die ons adoptieproces begeleid. In een in slechte staat verkerend pand werden we hartelijk ontvangen door 5 dames. Een van hen, Josephine de maatschappelijk werker, gaat ons gedurende de komende 3 maanden tijdens de forsterperiode begeleiden en beoordelen. Na een lekker kopje Keniaanse thee mochten we meteen met Josephine naar het tehuis waar Felix verblijft. Dit is het Hope House Baby Home. Het tehuis ligt in Lavington een prachtige groene wijk van Nairobi in een omheinde wijk waar alleen maar dure villa’s staan. Het tehuis bestaat sinds 2002. De stichter was een Australische priester en is een privé huis wat volledig afhankelijk is van giften. De kinderen in het tehuis zijn meestal door moeder afgestoten voor of net na de bevalling. Momenteel zijn er 15 kinderen aanwezig. De leeftijd varieert van enkele maanden tot ruim 3 jaar. De kinderen worden liefdevol verzorgt in het thuis, eten en drinken is er voldoende. Toch ontbreekt het vaak aan spelen met de kinderen. Volgens het schema aan de muur zou er dagelijks veel met de kinderen gedaan worden, zoals tellen, dieren benoemen, muziek luisteren etc. Maar daar hebben we nog weinig van gemerkt. De dames van de verzorging hebben het druk met kinderen voeden en verschonen of met het zitten onder de boom.

En dan Felix! Bij aankomst in het tehuis bleek hij nog lekker te slapen, maar hij werd zo uit bed geplukt en bij ons op de arm gezet. Lekker wakker worden! We herkenden hem meteen van de foto. Mooie droevige ogen en stevig gebouwd. Een heerlijk mannetje. Na van de schrik te zijn bekomen werd hij wat actiever en hebben we samen met Stijn en Floris de hele middag met hem gespeeld en hem verzorgd. De volgende dag zijn we weer geweest en leek het erop dat hij ons herkende. Hij was wat relaxter en begon steeds meer te lachen. Felix is een rustig mannetje, vermaakt zich zelf prima, zit al goed, maakt wat kruipbewegingen en vindt het heerlijk om in zijn handen te klappen. En dan nog zo’n guitige lach er bij, de dag kan niet meer stuk!

Zaterdag mochten we hem meenemen naar ons guesthouse. Voor een van de eerste keren in zijn leven buiten de poort van het tehuis. Lekker zittend in de wandelwagen liet hij het allemaal maar op zich afkomen. Eenmaal in het guesthouse ging hij samen met Stijn en Floris spelen met de Duplo. Helaas moesten we hem aan het eind van de middag weer terugbrengen naar het tehuis. Daar waren ze blij onze teddybeer weer te zien, maar hem achterlaten in het tehuis wordt voor ons steeds moeilijker. Woensdag mogen we hem waarschijnlijk mee naar huis nemen. Morgen krijgen we nog bezoek van Josephine en Lizzie, de maatschappelijk werker van het tehuis, in ons nieuwe appartement. Waarschijnlijk willen we ze zien waar Felix de komende maanden verblijft.

De kinderen in het tehuis zijn in principe allemaal bestemt voor adoptie door Kenianen of buitenlanders. De procedures worden allemaal strikter en ingewikkelder waardoor adoptie van deze kinderen moeizamer wordt. Ze merken het nu al in het tehuis. Felix is momenteel de enige die in een adoptieprocedure zit. En naarmate ze ouder worden wordt de kans om geadopteerd te worden steeds moeilijker. Adoptieouders willen blijkbaar een zo jong mogelijk kindje en dan is 6 maanden al te oud. Al verschillende malen is ons gevraagd of we er niet meer willen adopteren. Maar al zouden we het willen regelgeving zal het onmogelijk maken. We spelen daarom nu maar zoveel mogelijk met ze en hopen dat ze alsnog een goed thuis krijgen.
Geplaatst door Edo en Jessica 3 reacties
Kenya
Hope House Baby Home, Children Welfare Society Kenya, Wereldkinderen aka NICWO

All Parent to Parent

Posted: 10/06/09

Archived Reports:

All Parent to Parent

Adopting an orphan is a life-changing experience for all involved. In tonight's Parent to Parent, Seven's Lynn Martinez shows us parents who are reaching out to other countries to create their new families and hope others will follow their example.

WSVN -- And baby makes three for the Clover family, they just adopted 8-month-old Emmanuel from Ethopia.

Matt: "We ultimately chose Ethiopia. There's over four million orphans, statistics vary, just massive need there."

And here's 4-year-old Quinn, he's an All-American boy. Now, he was born in Haiti, in 2005, found abandoned on a doorstep.

Craig Juntunen: "I'll never forget how, when we brought him back, how tightly he held on to my thumb just for dear life. That was the bond. That's how it all started."

Craig and Kathi Juntenen adopted Quinn and another son and a daughter from Haiti. They also started the Chances 4 Children Foundation, which runs and funds an orphanage there.

Craig Juntunen: "Some say there are 150 million orphaned or abandoned children in the world today. There's millions of Quinns in the world who just need someone to reach out and give them the love they deserve and give them a home."

Celebs like Madonna and Brad and Angelina have put international adoption in the spotlight with their growing families from countries like Ethiopia, Cambodia and Vietnam, but despite their high-profile cases, Craig says the number of international adoptions has actually dropped.

Craig Juntunen: "What has derailed this process is high cost, high bureaucracy and a lack of awareness."

Adopting a foreign child can cost between $25,000 and $30,000, and it takes time. Most adoptions take up to two years to complete.

Kathryn Clover: "It's a very difficult process. It takes a toll on your family emotionally, and there's a lot of red tape, and we were constantly working on different paperwork aspects and things, but it's definitely worth it."

Craig Juntunen wrote a book to raise awareness about adopting his three kids from Haiti, and his foundation is working with different countries to hopefully streamline the international adoption process and make it more affordable.

Craig Juntunen: "These children, in other parts of the world, don't have a chance because they don't have any future, and that's what's changed my life, and that's why I'm out on this crusade now, and that's why Chances 4 Children wants to change the world."

Lynn Martinez: "International adoptions peaked in 2004 with more than 22,000 adoptions. That's expected to drop to less than 10,000 this year." 

Chances for Children
Craig Juntunen

A lonely birthday and battle for 'foreigner' Jennifer Haynes

A lonely birthday and battle for 'foreigner' Jennifer Haynes

2009-10-04

Mayura Janwalkar

Mumbai: On September 29, Jennifer Haynes celebrated her 28th birthday by herself at a shelter in Chembur. Ideally, she said, she would have been on a holiday in the US with her husband Justin and children Kadafi, 5, and Kanassa, 4.

Haynes had moved Bombay High Court earlier this year against Americans for International Aid and Adoption (AIAA), the agency that processed her adoption papers 20 years ago. She was abruptly deported to India last year as even after her adoption in 1989, there was no documentation pertaining to her American citizenship.

Haynes, an Indian, was adopted by American nationals Edward and Melissa Hancox in 1989. "I didn't talk to my kids on my birthday. They didn't even know it was my birthday. I've been away so long that they are not into me anymore," Haynes said.

With absolutely no proof of identity, Haynes is struggling to make ends meet in Mumbai, her place of birth. "I applied for a job in a call centre in Belapur. I am fit for the job since I don't need any language or accent training. I even cleared their tests but with no documents I cannot get any job," said a frustrated Haynes. She said that she is currently teaching English to five children aged between three and 11. "I earn some money by doing that but it's very little," she said.

Although the high court is hearing Haynes' case, the Centre as well as other agencies involved are taking their time to file their replies to Haynes' allegations. She had sought a stay on foreign adoptions and de-registration of the AIAA until she is sent back to her family. Haynes, however, fears that she may have to stay put in Mumbai for another three-four years. Her advocate Pradeep Havnur said that the court will hear her case after two weeks.

Meanwhile, in a letter written to the Central Adoption Resources Authority (CARA) by Vishvas Sapkal, the consul general of India in Chicago on September 17 said that AIAA, that Haynes has alleged is responsible for her deportation, is a 35-year-old organisation that has placed 5,089 children from Asia, Latin and South America and eastern Europe with adoptive families.

"Since 1980, AIAA placed 617 children from India. Last five years, the average placement from India is 10," stated Sapkal's letter addressed to CARA's deputy director Jagannath Pati. He said, after the year 2000, citizenship is automatically granted to the adopted child but for children adopted prior to that, the adoptive parents had to apply for citizenship. This was not done in Haynes' case. Moreover, the letter says she, as an adult, did not apply for citizenship and was deported as she was found guilty of felonies

ACT CASE Jennifer Haynes

Zambia / Efforts to Counter Human Trafficking Boosted by European Support

Zambia / Efforts to Counter Human Trafficking Boosted by European Support

LUSAKA, Zambia, October 2, 2009/African Press Organization (APO)/ — IOM Press Briefing Notes

A joint United Nations programme to counter human trafficking in Zambia which involves IOM, UNICEF and the International Labour Organization (ILO) has been boosted by Euros 1.6 million funding from the European Commission.

The three-year programme is a key part of a national effort to create awareness of the issue in the southern African country and will strengthen the ability of government and non-government agencies to detect and respond to human trafficking in addition to tackling its root causes.

IOM, ILO and UNICEF will focus on preventing human trafficking through mass communication, the training of private and public sector officials on the implementation of anti-trafficking legislation and working with the Zambian police to revise their crime reporting and data management systems.

Zambia
European Commission

Josephine Baker's Rainbow Tribe

Long before Angelina Jolie, Mia Farrow and Madonna made headlines with their adoptive families, 1920s star Josephine Baker tried to combat racism by adopting 12 children of various ethnic backgrounds from around the world. Today the members of her "rainbow tribe" are still searching for their identity.

He is trying to describe what it was like to grow up here, to trace the vestiges of his childhood, but not much of that remains in this chateau that was once his home.

Today Akio Bouillon, a slight, affable man of Japanese origin, can only serve as a guide through an exhibit that pays tribute to his dead mother. In the former living room, a dozen of her robes are now displayed on headless mannequins, and in the study lies a semi-nude wax figure of Bouillon's mother, with a string of flowers draped around the neck. The "banana skirt" that made her famous hangs in a glass case; strips of gold material in the shape of bananas are attached to a narrow belt. His mother was the singer and entertainer Josephine Baker.

Bouillon, her oldest adopted son, turned 57 in July. He walks across creaking floorboards and into Baker's bathroom, with its black tiles and Dior bottles, and then into a series of rooms filled with photos, posters and her jewelry. Somewhere in this labyrinth is the small room where Bouillon slept as a child. Today, the bed is cordoned off from the hallway with a velvet rope, and a sign admonishes visitors not to touch anything.

He stands in front of the bed, smiles faintly and says that it was a nice childhood, for him and his 11 siblings.

Morocco, Israel, Japan, Cambodia, Malawi, Algeria, Venezuela, France, Finland, United States of America, Colombia

Adoption agency approved in principle

Adoption agency approved in principle

CAROL COULTER Legal Affairs Editor

THE ADOPTION Board has approved in principle the setting up of a mediation agency to facilitate intercountry adoptions. It is being set up in anticipation of Ireland ratifying the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoptions, due in the Dáil this session, which requires such agencies.

Up to now, the only Irish mediation agency was the Cork-based Helping Hands Adoption Agency, which facilitated adoptions from Vietnam. Its mediation licence was revoked by the Vietnamese government in June, following the lapsing of a bilateral agreement on adoption between the countries.

Helping Hands received €1.6 million in HSE and lottery funding from its setting up in 2006, and employs four staff in Ireland and four in Vietnam. The new mediation agency, provisionally called Leanbh, is being set up by a number of leading members of the International Adoption Association. Its constitution and means of operating are set within the framework of the Hague Convention. Following its ratification, only other countries that have ratified it may send children to Ireland for intercountry adoption.

Vietnam, Ireland

Latest Developments Ethiopia

Latest Developments

CCI was granted its NGO license in June 2007, and therefore operates a direct program in Ethiopia as a licensed placing agency. We brought our first children home in April 2008, with a total of 29 children coming home by the end of the year.

As of July 31, 2009, 78 children have joined their forever families through CCI's Ethiopian program, including 49 in the year 2009. By the end of 2009, CCI expects the year total to grow to 80 or more children. Having started working with only one orphanage in the most distant region of Ethiopia, CCI now works with multiple orphanages to serve children throughout Ethiopia through adoption and humanitarian aid projects.

CCI is proud to say that many of the children placed from Ethiopia have been older or special needs children, in addition to the many infants who will never know the suffering of poverty or anguish of living without a permanent family. CCI thanks each and every family who has adopted or contributed to the care of these orphans.

For more information, please contact Sue Hedberg, (407) 977-2810, sue@celebratechildren.org. To assist with any of our humanitarian aid projects, please contact Carmen Lopez, sponsorship@celebratechildren.org.

Celebrate Children International

Transcript interview De Luca

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Francois de Combret (Francois Polge de Combret), Patrizia de Luca
European Commission, Solidarite Enfants Roumains Abandonnes France (SERA), International Social Service (ISS) - Germany, Nordic Adoption Council, International Social Service (ISS), 2009 Conference: CHALLENGES IN ADOPTION PROCEDURES IN EUROPE - Strasbourg

STELLING OKTOBER: Een kinderloos echtpaar heeft meer 'recht' op een kind dan ouders met biologisch eigen kinderen - reacties

STELLING OKTOBER: Een kinderloos echtpaar heeft meer 'recht' op een kind dan ouders met biologisch eigen kinderen - reacties
Onderwerpen | Voeg een reactie toe
In de nieuwsbrief van Wereldkinderen wordt maandelijks een stelling opgenomen. Op onze homepage kunt u aangeven of u het wel of niet met deze stelling eens bent. Hier op het forum kunt u uw mening toelichten.
Geplaatst door op 12-10-2009 14:32
Reacties:
12-10-2009 14:30 - Sacha
Adoptie is al zo moeilijk voor elkaar te krijgen tegenwoordig. Het zou fijn zijn als kinderloze echtparen (zoals wij) meer kans krijgen op een kind.
12-10-2009 15:20 - Marlies
Wij hebben al een biologisch eigen kind en willen graag een broertje of zusje voor haar. Ook wij zijn heel blij als we nog een zoontje of dochtertje krijgen. Dat we al een kind hebben, maakt toch niet uit?
12-10-2009 17:08 - Bianca
Doordat mensen met biologisch eigen kinderen ook voor adoptie kinderen in aanmerking komen wordt de kans steeds groter dat mensen zoals wij voor altijd kinderloos blijven. Dit is naar mijn mening een van de oplossingen van de lange wachttijden. Ouders met biologisch kinderen mogen niet meer in aanmerking komen adoptie!
12-10-2009 19:23 - Jolanda
Wat mij betreft maakt de reden waarom je kiest voor adoptie niet uit, wel of niet ongewenst kinderloos.
Volgens mij worden er nog steeds ouders voor kinderen gezocht en geen kinderen voor ouders.
12-10-2009 23:23 - Hans
Nee Jolanda, dat is ook wel zo. Maar het zou dan toch wel extra mooi zijn als de ouders die worden gevonden kinderloos zijn. Ik geloof gelijk dat niet-kinderloze ouders even goede ouders zullen kunnen zijn als kinderloze. Maar geef ons kinderloze ouders ook een kans om een kind op te mogen voeden? We hebben bergen liefde te geven en kunnen deze liefde misschien nooit kwijt aan een kind.
12-10-2009 23:30 - Anoniem
Hallo Bianca,

Die wachtlijst is niet leuk, maar om daarom nou te zeggen dat ouders met geen adoptie(biologisch vind ik zo,n fout woord) kinderen niet meer mogen zouden adopteren een beetje te ver gaan!, en daar komt bij dat ik die wachtlijsten niet goed begrijp als je kijkt hoeveel kindertjes in de kindertehuizen zitten!!
Jammer dat die wachtlijst zo lang zijn!
13-10-2009 07:50 - Adinda
Volgens mij wordt er bij adoptie gezocht naar ouders voor kinderen en niet kinderen voor ouders. Het gaat er dus niet om waar wij allemaal recht op zouden hebben, maar waar de kinderen recht op hebben!
13-10-2009 09:56 - Annalies
Het maakt niet uit of de aanstaande adoptieouders wel of geen biologische kinderen hebben. Geen van beide heeft meer recht op een kind. Het gaat erom dat er voor een kind een passend gezin wordt gevonden.

Als alleen kinderloze ouders in aanmerking voor adoptie zouden komen, zou er per gezin maar 1 adoptiekind zijn. Namelijk zodra er één kind is (bio of adoptie) ben je namelijk niet meer kinderloos.

Misschien zou het te overwegen zijn om een maximum aantal kinderen in een gezin te hebben.
Zeg bijvoorbeeld 4. (alhoewel dat slechts incidenteel voorkomt)

13-10-2009 10:38 - Johanna
Ik begrijp heel goed dat kinderloze echtparen meer kans op een adoptiekind zouden willen hebben. En het is erg verdrietig en teleurstellend dat de wachttijden zo enorm zijn. Toch zouden wij ook nog graag een kind willen. Wij hebben zelf een biologisch kind en zijn secundair kinderloos. Het lukt ons helaas niet meer, na veel miskramen, om op de natuurlijke manier een broertje of zusje voor onze dochter te krijgen. Wij zouden ontzettend graag nog een kindje willen verwelkomen d.m.v. adoptie.
13-10-2009 12:58 - ikke
Wat geeft ons het recht om over een ander te oordelen of die zou mogen adopteren of niet.
Iedereen doet het met zijn eigen motivatie. Wat die motivatie ook is, wij moeten dat van elkaar respecteren.
Kinderloze echtparen hebben verdriet en gemis, maar wie kan oordelen of iemand met al een kind dat verdriet en gemis niet mag voelen voor nog een kindje??

Wereldkinderen aka NICWO

Inter-country Adoption: The Complexities Behind The Conflict

01.10.09
Inter-country Adoption: The Complexities Behind The Conflict
By: DIANNE HUBBARD and RACHEL COOMER Gender Research & Advocacy Project, Legal As
The issue of inter-country adoption made front-page news in The Namibian of September 24. This piece is intended to provide information to the public about inter-country adoption as the issue is more complicated than it may seem at first.
INTERNATIONALLY, inter-country adoption is a relatively recent phenomenon dating from World War II when many countries were left with war orphans but lacked the resources to provide alternative care within the country. Inter-country adoptions became increasingly popular in the 1970s and 1980s, as a measure aimed at alleviating the plight of couples unable to conceive. This led to abuses such as child trafficking and “baby markets”, resulting in greater international efforts to return the child to the centre of the picture and to establish mechanisms to prevent abuses of the process.
In Namibia, recent legal developments layered on top of the outdated Children’s Act 33 of 1960 have left the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare between the proverbial rock and a hard place.
In the 2004 Detmold case, the High Court found that the prohibition on the adoption of children born to Namibian citizens by non-Namibian citizens in the Children’s Act was unconstitutional.
In that case, the applicants were German citizens and permanent residents of Namibia who were applying to adopt a child who had already been in their foster care for several years. They had been found suitable to be adoptive parents, and the child’s biological mother had consented to the adoption. The only obstacle to the adoption was their citizenship.
The Court found that the rule on citizenship violated Article 10 of the Namibian Constitution, which guarantees the equality of all persons before the law, and Article 14, which protects the family. The Court found that a family is “the best vehicle for bringing up children”, and that the next best thing to a biological family is an adoptive family, saying that it is therefore society’s duty “to make possible, and not hinder or frustrate, a family for every child given up for adoption”. It found that the strict prohibition on adoption by non-Namibian citizens was unconstitutional because it could deprive a child of the possibility of being adopted into a secure and stable family that might not otherwise be available to the child.
This case sits alongside the Convention of the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Namibia is a party to both of these international agreements, meaning that they are by virtue of Article 144 of the Namibian Constitution “part of the law of Namibia”. Both of these agreements state that inter-country adoption may be considered as an alternative means of providing care for the child – if the child cannot be cared for in the country of origin in any suitable manner. The African Charter calls inter-country adoption a “last resort”.
Both agreements require governments to take measures (a) to ensure that the safeguards and standards for inter-country adoption are equivalent to those for national adoption; (b) to ensure that placement in inter-country adoption does not result in trafficking or improper financial gain for anyone involved; and (c) to promote bilateral or multilateral arrangements to regulate inter-country adoption.
Thus, a social worker who recommends an inter-country adoption without first attempting to find adoptive parents for the child within Namibia is violating international commitments made by Namibia.
The situation is complicated by inadequate procedures in the Children’s Act which currently governs adoption. Because private social workers can make reports to the courts recommending adoptions without channelling these through the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare, the Ministry is faced with completed adoptions without previously having a chance to see if local options for the child were properly considered. Furthermore, this law does not give the Ministry any right to appeal an order of adoption.
Ministerial consent was previously required for the limited exceptions to the prohibitions on adoption by foreigners, but this safeguard fell away when the Detmold case invalidated that provision in its entirety. Yet the regulations issued under the Act give the Ministry, in its role as the Registrar of adoptions, a duty to ensure that the correct rules and procedures have been followed in respect of all adoption orders.
So the existing procedures for inter-country adoption have large gaps, which can (as in the present case) leave the Ministry in the position of being expected to register an inter-country adoption even where it is not clear to the Ministry that local alternatives have been exhausted.
The Ministry is in the process of making the final revisions to a proposed new Child Care and Protection Act which will replace the outdated Children’s Act. The Legal Assistance Centre has been acting as technical adviser to the Ministry on this process, which is being supported by UNICEF.
This Act is expected to pave the way for Namibia to ratify the Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption, which is widely viewed as being the best mechanism for preventing abuses in this field. The Hague Convention does not encourage inter-country adoption – quite the contrary, it says that inter-country adoption should take place only if authorities have determined that this would be in the child’s best interests, and possibilities for placement of the child within the country of origin have been given due consideration.
The Hague Convention also provides mechanisms to ensure that an inter-country adoption will be recognised in the country to which the child is going, so that the adopted child does not end up stateless in some foreign country. It also provides for cooperation between authorities in both the sending and receiving countries, to provide for proper monitoring and control.
The Legal Assistance Centre strongly recommends that Namibia becomes a party to the Hague Convention as the best way to regulate inter-country adoption – which should be an extremely rare alternative for Namibian children.
The forthcoming Child Care and Protection Act would also provide other safeguards, such as setting qualifications for which social workers can handle adoptions, requiring that all social worker reports on adoption must be sent to the Channelling Officer appointed by the Minister before the matter goes to court, establishing a register of prospective adoptive parents within Namibia and limiting fees which can be charged in connection with arranging adoptions.
Inter-country adoption should not provide any scope for baby shopping. Parents from the England, the United States of America or anywhere else in the world cannot come to Namibia to “pick” a child that they would like to adopt. (An example of this misconception can be seen in the recent statement by Sir Elton John, who reportedly said that he would like to adopt a specific child from Ukraine.) Adoption is not supposed to be about seeing a child and saying that you want it – it is supposed to be about providing for the best interests of child through the matching of the child to a family, not the family to the child. There are some rare situations where a child may be placed for adoption only with a specific prospective parent for some good reason, but this should not be the norm.
Similarly if not carefully handled and regulated, inter-country adoption can lead to baby-buying, where parents desperate for a child are prepared to pay enormous sums of money to “baby brokers” who can source a child for them. This is a form of child trafficking which must be guarded against – Namibian children should not be made available to the highest bidders.
There is no doubt that these problems will threaten Namibia.
The Legal Assistance Centre has already received multiple enquiries about inter-country adoption, just because the term appears in an obscure part of our website in connection with discussions around the draft Child Care and Protection Bill. Although there is a role for inter-country adoption, we believe that Namibia generally has the capacity to care for its own children.
So what to do in the meantime? We suggest that, as an interim measure, until the new law and the Hague Convention are in place, that Commissioners of Child Welfare and social workers throughout the country be officially reminded of their legal obligation to ensure that local alternatives have been considered ahead of any inter-country adoption.
There is already an existing agreement between the Ministry and private social workers to channel all reports concerning inter-country adoption through the Ministry before they are laid before the court, so that the Ministry can assist with finding and assessing local options; this agreement should be honoured, and Commissioners of Child Welfare should not accept reports that have not been channelled through the Ministry.
The current difference of opinion is really the fault of a flawed system. The forthcoming Child Care and Protection Act should repair those flaws and make the process clearer and smoother for all concerned, with the focus securely on the best interests of the child. 
 
Namibia
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