Orphan Trafficking Erika Fraser and Erin Stern

Query: Please conduct a review of the available evidence on orphan traffickingi and how this is increasing the risks of children to exploitation and abuse in care institutions. Please include any evidence on: • The scale, nature and drivers of orphan trafficking including countries and regions of high prevalence. If possible, include the level of community awareness on this issue. • How orphan trafficking is increasing the risks of child exploitation and abuse and the gendered dynamics of this (i.e, child labour, CSEA, CEFM marriage)  • How profits are generated from trafficking children into institutions, beyond money generated from volunteering and tourism and evidence on where that majority of the money comes from (i.e tourists, volunteers, charity donations) • Does the situation of trafficking children into institutions differ between state-owned and privately-owned institutions, and what extent are governments involved and aware? • What is the strength of the evidence and where are the gaps?  • Effective prevention and response models from both a political and programmatic perspective and any barriers that have been encountered in trying to address the issue?