“One Child Nation,” Reviewed: A Powerful Investigation of a Chinese Policy’s Personal Toll
By Richard BrodyAugust 9, 2019
One of the crucial revelations of “One Child Nation” is the power of propaganda, by sheer force of its ubiquity—and its uncontested hegemony.Photograph Courtesy Amazon Studios
Any investigative journalist could have pursued the story told in “One Child Nation,” a new documentary directed by Nanfu Wang and Jialing Zhang, about China’s former policy (in force from 1979 to 2015) of limiting families to a single child each. Indeed, they include one such daring and persistent journalist in the film. But for Wang, who was born in China in 1985 (and immigrated to the United States in 2011, at the age of twenty-six), the one-child policy is also the story of her own childhood, and in her bold, probingly investigative, painfully intimate film, she approaches her subject with regard to its most personal implications. In so doing, she locates the political network in which lives like hers were caught, and traces the one-child policy’s consequences, as well as the attitudes underlying it, into the present day and into her own life, the lives of others, and the world at large.
Wang is present onscreen as she pursues and conducts interviews, including with members of her family; she frames and analyzes the movie from within by way of her voice-over narration, and her investigation is an integral on-camera element of the action. To watch that investigation, both public and private, is to confront an overwhelming, colossal network of atrocities and their official justifications—a vast system of control and coercion, deceit and corruption, that’s fostered and managed from the highest levels of government and leaves its mark throughout Chinese society. She addresses the ingrained failures of much conventional, arm’s-length journalism and its unchallenged conventions—exemplified, near the start of the film, in a clip of a TV-news report featuring Tom Brokaw, who parrots the Chinese government’s rationale for the one-child policy (prosperity) and says that it is pursued through a combination of “fines, economic incentives, and propaganda.” Wang shows, in the course of the film, how that policy was actually pursued—not merely with fines but with cruelly punitive force and horrific violence.