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Guatemalan court sentences 2 women for trafficking baby adopted by US family

Guatemalan court sentences 2 women for trafficking baby adopted by US family

GUATEMALA CITY — A Guatemalan court sentenced two women to 16 and 21 years in prison on Monday for trafficking a stolen baby who was given for adoption to a U.S. family.

Special prosecutor Lorena Maldonado said the sentences handed down to a lawyer and the legal representative of an adoption agency will reinforce the birth mother’s bid to get her daughter returned from the United States.

“Even though the criminal proceedings are separate from the adoption process, these sentences help, and confirm the argument of the mother, Loyda Rodriguez, that this girl is her daughter and was stolen from in front of her house, and that there is a criminal structure in Guatemala that steals children,” said Maldonado.

The Eighth Penal Tribunal sentenced lawyer Beatriz Valle Flores to 21 years in prison for human trafficking, criminal association and using false documents. She signed papers in the adoption.

A 16-year sentence went to the legal representative of the adoption agency, Enriqueta Noriega Cano, where the girl spent a year before being adopted. The girl left the country on Dec. 9, 2008.

Both women were also ordered to pay 100,000 quetzales ($25,600) apiece to the mother for damages.

Rodriguez, the mother, obtained a Guatemalan court order in July for the return of the seven-year-old, but it is unclear if it can be enforced.

The girl, Anyeli Liseth Hernandez Rodriguez was born Oct. 1, 2004, the second child of Rodriguez, a housewife, and her bricklayer husband, Dayner Orlando Hernandez. The girl disappeared Nov. 3, 2006, as Rodriguez was distracted while opening the door to their house in a working class suburb, San Miguel Petapa. She turned to see a woman whisk the girl, then two, away in a taxi.

If U.S. authorities intervene to return the child as the Guatemalan court has asked, it would be a first for any international adoption case, experts say.

In August, a construction-paper sign taped to the door of the girl’s U.S. address, a two-story suburban Kansas City home, read: “Please respect our families (sic) privacy during this difficult and confusing time. We ask that you not trespass on our property for the sake of our children. Thank you.”

Guatemala’s quick adoptions once made this Central American nation of 13 million people a top source of children for the U.S., leading or ranking second only to China with about 4,000 adoptions a year. But the Guatemalan government suspended adoptions in late 2007 after widespread cases of fraud, including falsified paperwork, fake birth certificates and charges of baby theft — though they still allowed many already in process.

The International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala, a U.N.-created agency prosecuting organized crime cases in Guatemala, has reviewed more than 3,000 adoptions completed or in process and found nearly 100 grave irregularities.

The U.S. still does not allow adoptions from Guatemala, though the State Department is currently assisting with 397 children whose adoptions were in process at the time of the ban.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

 


A far-away rescue


Nation
A far-away rescue



RUBEENA MAHATO in
COIMBATORE, INDIA










PICS: RUBEENA MAHATO

Shangmo with her elder daughter Jael

 


In the suburbs of Coimbatore at Sulur, the first thing that one notices in
the impressively walled Michael Job Centre is the sheer enormity of the complex.


There is a school, a post graduate level college and an orphanage in the
sprawling premises housing some 500 girls that the organization claims are
abandoned or orphaned children of Christian martyrs. The last thing one would
expect to find there are young girls from the remote Nepali district of Humla.
But there they are, all 23 of them with Christian names living for the past nine
years here as orphans despite having parents back home.


They were rescued from the centre last week at the initiative of the Esther
Benjamins Memorial Foundation (EBMF), Nepal, ChildLine India and the Child
Welfare Committee (CWC) at the state of Tamil Nadu.


EBMF got into action when the families of four girls from Humla requested
them to find their missing daughters. The parents of the girls had sent them
along with their brothers in the care of Dal Bahadur Phadera, a local
politician.


Many families in Humla had paid Phadera Rs 5-20,000 to get their children out
of war-ravaged villages at the time and educate them in boarding schools in
Kathmandu. The boys are still in the institution run by Phadera, but the girls,
between 3 to 7 years old, were taken away nine years ago. Their families never
heard from them.


When rescued, many girls didn't remember their parents' names or where they
came from. They have been given Christian names and identities.




An emotional Anna Bella breaks down at seeing her
aunt
In the website of Michael Job Centre, the girls are falsely depicted
as children of Christian martyrs in Nepal murdered by Maoists. The Centre runs
on the donations given by Christians from all over the world for 'orphans'.

 


In one of the pages of the website was where we first saw pictures of Anna
Bella, Daniela, Persius and Jael (Christian names given by the centre, original
names withheld). Their mother and brother had made a three days journey from
Humla to join us in Kathmandu for the trip to Coimbatore in India's southern
tip. Persius and Jael's mother Shangmo Lama had never been in a car before.
After a long and tiring journey to Coimbatore, a frail Shangmo smiled for the
first time when we stepped inside the gate of the Centre to get back her
daughters. She had waited nine years for this moment.



At
first, the principal of the centre flatly denied having any Nepali children at
the centre. But she was forced to accept having illegally kept the girls as
orphans when the photos of the children and the mother were shown (pictured,
right).

 


Outside, a very Nepali looking girl's face stopped me. After few exchanges in
English, I asked if she was Nepali. The girl's face brightened up. Lynsy then
gave me her Nepali name, informed there were now 23 of them left in the centre
and that they have not forgotten to speak Nepali. Soon the news spread of the
team from Nepal and Nepali girls surrounded the principal's office.


There was noisy chatter and a sense of jubilation in the office. Some of the
girls were seven years old and all had parents and families back home and hadn't
heard from them in all these years.


It was an emotional scene when Shangmo met her girls, who at first failed to
recognise their mother. But her brother's daughter Daniela instantly recognised
her aunt.


PP Job, the centre's founder has denied having known that the children had
families in Nepal. The self-styled Christian preacher has alleged that the
children were brought to him by Phadera and that the center has only provided
good education and living to these underprivileged children.



 

 


Michael Job Centre,
Coimbatore
"It is illegal under the Indian law to
bring children, orphaned or not from Nepal to India, and house them in an
institution here. It is a clear case of trafficking," Nandita Rao, Childline's
lawyer told Nepali Times.

 


The Centre is now under investigation by the social welfare department in
Tamil Nadu and has been given 15 days to furnish details and prove that it was
not involved in child trafficking. On Monday, 500 activists from different Hindu
organisations staged a protest outside the orphanage accusing it of
proselytizing.


"Poor countries are turning into a missionary haven for religious zealots and
this has led to a new form of trafficking," says Philip Holmes of Esther
Benjamins Memorial Foundation. The girls are now on their way home by train via
Gorakhpur.


The girls had kept the memory of their home country alive for nearly a
decade, and were full of pride as they sang the Nepali national anthem for the
rescue party from Nepal. They had memorized the words from the mobile ring tone
of a Nepali visiting the center.


Said an ecstatic Sabita Bogati: "I want to go home. I would not mind walking
all the way to Nepal."


POST SCRIPT: EBMF is now preparing to file charges against Phadera for
trafficking. In India, child rights organisations have taken up the issue and
are now planning to bring PP Job and his accomplices to book. Efforts to
repatriate children trafficked from Tibet and Bhutan who were also kept in the
centre are now underway. But even if the children are reunited, their lost
years, separation from parents and loss of identity will never be returned.


Read also:
The missing half, KAPILDEV KHANAL in NUWAKOT



See also:
Circus slave, CLARE HARVEY
"I
thought the circus was glamorous. How wrong I was."


Juggling with young lives, PRANAYA SJB
RANA in MAHARASTRA, INDIA
Nepali child slaves face a brighter future after
rescue from Indian circus abuse














1.
nishachar

Bravo Rubeena ! Heartwarming
stories of the girls' reunion with their families. I wish the rescued children
(and all other children too) are provided with a good education and overall
environment. The last thing one would like to know is the girls willing to
choose more dreadful paths for a search of a better life.


By the way,
pretty soon, we will see this in Nepal: Christians will have a legally protected
reservation (20% ?) in all government agencies including the cabinet, army and
parliament. In the name of inclusiveness and a democracy never seen elsewhere,
the aid agencies, western evangelists and local proxies will then make sure
proselytization goes on unobstructed and under the aegis of the state/public
resources.

If you have read Christian propaganda (globally- some are
online) on Nepal, this clearly seems to be the next step. To prepare ground for
this, a lot of noise about inclusion, ethnic issues, "marginalized communities,"
religions freedom, "correcting history's wrongs", proportionate representation,
reservation and so on is being made right now.

Here's to you- all the
useful idiots- Jesus loves you more than you will know.




2.
ccc

It is a commendable and just action...
but what about the education of these girls now??? and what is the follow up of
the girls who have been rescued?? perhaps the ongoing education of these girls
needs to be ensured now that they are reunited with family. Hope the euphoria of
the rescue does not hamper the future of these girls... Anbu Illam Coimbatore,
(from sources) was also part of this campaign... why does it not find any
mention at all???? perhaps it was missed out per chance.. but it did have some
role to play??


The TRUTH will set you FREE...




3.
ccc

It is a commendable and just action...
but what about the education of these girls now??? and what is the follow up of
the girls who have been rescued?? perhaps the ongoing education of these girls
needs to be ensured now that they are reunited with family. Hope the euphoria of
the rescue does not hamper the future of these girls... Anbu Illam Coimbatore,
(from sources) was also part of this campaign... why does it not find any
mention at all???? perhaps it was missed out per chance.. but it did have some
role to play??


The TRUTH will set you FREE...




4.
jivanta

thanku



5. Philip
Holmes

I really hoped that this wouldn't
become some kind of a religious football to kick around. Dr Job's Center, from
what I saw of it last week during the rescue, was all about religious extremism
and that is unpleasant be it Christian, Muslim or Hindu. Dr Job's activities and
blatant trampling over child rights would be total anathema to those Christians
who ARE doing good social work in India in a low key way without any
proseltysing agenda. These include one wonderful Catholic priest who I know has
been personally involved in the repatriation of these children and who helped us
on circus rescue back in 2007. Hailing as I do from Northern Ireland originally
I would commend religious tolerance and respect for one another in this new
Nepal.




6. Philip
Holmes


For ccc:


The truth that will set you free is that the only organisations involved in
this were Esther Benjamins Memorial Foundation, ChildLine India Foundation and
the local Child Welfare Committee all operating with the support of the Nepal
Foreign Ministry and the Nepal embassy in Delhi. Who else might have jumped on a
bandwagon after I left Coimbatore I cannot say.


Follow up is crucial and we pride ourselves in doing that well rather than
being "headline grabbers". We will take each case on its own merits but clearly
dropping a child who has been in English medium school in Tamil Nadu into a
Nepali medium school in Humla is not on the face of it a desirable option.
Although if that is what the child wants, then fine and we'll help with that. I
think it makes more sense to find a good English medium boarding school that is
accessible to families.


Dr Job can pay for the reintegration costs. He has been raking in money from
far and wide on the backs of these children and he needs to compensate them for
what he has put them through. We will pursue that compensation - and I have told
him so.


Best wishes.





7. Radha Krishna
Deo


Many Many thanks to Rubeena mahato,


we hope baburam government and humanright comission will take immediate
action. every year 5000 to 7000 women and girls disappered from nation through
porous boder and human traffickers net works saling them to GCC in addition to
India. what's the function of Womencomission and about 200 women CA in Assembly
?


sacnepal





8. Philip
Holmes


ccc:


Setting the record straight, yes indeed, Anbu Illam Don Bosco were indeed
involved in that they provided shelter for the girls after they were removed
from Dr Job's Center - and after we (including the journalist) left the scene.
They work closely with ChildLine.





9.
jo

How unfortunate, have travelled thru this
lovely area and would like to see those crazy western religious folk kept out of
the area. It is happily and successfully buddhist and hindu, and does not need
to have these western religious zealots tainting the area with there version of
religion. I hope those in Humla will discourage religious organisations from
coming there. The eyes of the world need to keep watch.




10.
NEPALI

BRB GOVERNMENT IS SAME AS PREVIOUS
THREE & OTHER GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL. THEY NEED REMITTANCE eVEN FROM AMORAL
JOB.HENCE NO ACTION FOR THIS ISSUE. RUBI SH POLITICIAN & BUREAUCRATS ARE
GOVERNING NEPAL. MISFORTUNE TO  COMMON PEOPLE.




11. Tashi
Lama

This story of girls rescued from far
South India can be eye opening for the Nepalese people, but in reality thousands
end up in the Indian brothels every year, which is worse then the girls at the
missionary center. In the picture we can see the girls with clean school
uniform, which I think is good part, but the bad and saddening part is losing
their true identity behind.

At present in Nepal, there are many
Christian missionaries after the collapse of King Gyanendra's rule, these
missionaries are taking advantage of secular government of Nepal, their main aim
is to convert maximum of innocent Buddhist and Hindus in their religion, as
these missionaries are well trained in the art of converting people by different
means and tactics. The laborers, sales person, mechanics, carpet weavers and
even the travelers at the bus park are not spared, there are preachers in every
corner of valley, for the smarter people, they approach in smarter ways and for
the illiterate, they have different ways to brain wash them. These Christian
missionaries are well organized, they might open small school and small clinic,
which are all free and the true motive behind is to convert people into
Christianity, these free schools and clinics are not opened with sheer sense of
love and compassion for the poor. The more radical ones are the Baptist and
Protestant Christian missioners, Nepalese converted by these two groups shows
disrespect to their own ancestral religion, they even spread blasphemy in the
society against Buddhism and Hinduism, this in long run will create a big
trouble for Nepalese society, like that in Nigeria.

Converting people by
means of luring with help and aids and by brain washing them with illogical
belief is stupidity unlawful practice, such acts in reality saws the seed of
communal violence in
future!

BEWARE!...........BEWARE!................BEWARE!

Teacher inspired to help Ugandan orphans


Teacher inspired to help Ugandan orphans

 

By KEN CHITWOOD, FOR THE CHRONICLE

 

Updated 06:22 p.m., Thursday, October 20, 2011

 

 

 

1 of 2.

 

 

View: Larger|Hide

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Kisses from Katie, by Katie Davis, with Beth Clark, is the story of Davis's efforts to care for orphans in Africa. Credit: Simon and Schuster

Photo: Courtesy Photo / HC

 

Images of naked children covered in flies, stories of mothers abandoning unwanted children or testimonies of child oppression, slavery and prostitution often prompt Americans to donate money or turn the channel on their TV. Imagine hearing their stories and deciding to get involved directly in their care. Now, imagine doing that right out of high school.


Katie Davis did just that. In 2007, after graduating high school in Tennessee, where she was senior class president and homecoming queen, Davis left for Uganda to teach kindergarten at a nonprofit orphanage for a year.


Four years later, she is fighting to be the adoptive parent of 13 children, runs a nonprofit called Amazima Ministries and just published a book, Kisses From Katie: A Story of Relentless Love and Redemption.


Eschewing the normal track for a young adult, Katie fought past her parents' disappointment, her brother's heartbreak and her friends' shock to pursue a radical path in Uganda.


"As I read the Bible more and fell more in love with Jesus, I felt compelled. I wanted to love the poor, the hurting and the oppressed in the way Jesus loved them," Davis said. "I visited Uganda in high school and experienced this poverty, hurt and oppression on a whole new level and knew I had to do something, anything, to help."


Surprisingly, there are others like Davis, young women such as Abby Tracy, who started the nonprofit A Perfect Injustice in Kampala, Uganda, or Alyssa Magnusson, who founded Fikisha to get boys off the streets of Nairobi, Kenya, and back into school.


Motivated by their own "adoption" into the family of God, these young women are part of a growing evangelical movement prompting people to adopt children from foreign countries, get involved in orphan care ministries or move to foreign countries to care for street children.


These women, claiming inspiration from God for their involvement in the lives of children in East Africa, are part of a larger evangelical Christian orphan care and adoption movement that has grown over the past decade and is becoming more mainstream.


"Ten years ago, this movement did not really exist, and if it did it was in seed form," said Dan Cruver, co-founder of Together for Adoption. "Today, there are over 1,000 orphan and adoption ministries in the evangelical world, and it's growing."


But there has been conflict along the way. People fear that these women are in danger. Others question their motives.


As NPR reported in July, Davis is under scrutiny by Ugandan child-welfare officials who not only object to her taking on 13 children but remind Davis and others that under Ugandan law an adoptive parent must be at least 25 and at least 21 years older than the child being adopted. Davis' oldest "daughter" is 15, just seven years younger than her potential adoptive mother.


Asked about the possibility of conflict amidst the obvious zeal in evangelical circles to care for orphans and adopt children from foreign locales, Cruver observed that though the need is monumental, "sometimes there are errant motives" at work, fed by media buzz or the romanticism of celebrity adoptions.


"Americans, in particular, tend to be people who want to act immediately. We see a problem, and we want to help, and then we act," he said. "At times, our feeling outdistances our careful practical thinking and actions within the confines of the law. This is an issue in the movement we need to address. People need to slow down their passion."

 

Kouchner défend un Français accusé en Roumanie

Pédophilie Kouchner défend un Français accusé en Roumanie 10.12.2002 L'ANCIEN MINISTRE de la Santé Bernard Kouchner a vigoureusement défendu hier devant le tribunal de Iasi, en Roumanie, Michel Sounalet, un Français accusé de pédophilie, et a souhaité la vérité dans cette « odieuse affaire ». « Quand on m'a dit que Michel Sounalet était soupçonné, j'ai été terriblement choqué. Je suis persuadé de son innocence et je pense que la justice roumaine le reconnaîtra bien vite », a déclaré Bernard Kouchner à la sortie de la salle d'audience. Emprisonné depuis six semaines à Iasi, Michel Sounalet, un bénévole de l'aide humanitaire de 67 ans, qui a purgé trente-cinq ans de prison en France pour braquages, avait été arrêté pour « perversions sexuelles et corruption de mineurs », sur la base de plaintes déposées par cinq ex-pensionnaires de l'orphelinat de Popricani, où il vivait depuis 1996. Le Parisien

n

Michel Sounalet reste en prison en Roumanie.

Michel Sounalet reste en prison en Roumanie.

Commenter

    Par AUBENAS Florence

  •  

Michel Sounalet, 62 ans, ancien condamné à perpétuité ressuscité dans l'humanitaire, l'écriture et la photographie. Chaînes de s

Michel Sounalet, 62 ans, ancien condamné à perpétuité ressuscité dans l'humanitaire, l'écriture et la photographie. Chaînes de solidarité .

Commenter

    Par LAINE Rémi

  •  

The Waiting Game : Hundreds of Americans Anxious About Adopting Romanian Orphans

The Waiting Game :  Hundreds of Americans Anxious About Adopting Romanian Orphans

August 16, 1990|SUSAN CHRISTIAN | TIMES STAFF WRITER

Carol Mardock's list of contacts grows, almost by the day. A new name at the U.S. Department of State. A name at the U.S. Embassy in Romania. A name at a Romanian church in Orange County. A name of another international adoption agency. A name of another adoption attorney.

But somehow the list is never long enough, and the contacts--thus far--never powerful enough.

On a hot August day, the Chino Hills housewife lounged by the pool at a friend's home, watching three of her five children splash about. She was half a world away from the still faceless, still elusive child she fervently wants to make her sixth.


"You worry: What if you spend $1,200 on a home study (for an adoption)? What if you get all of the paper work done, everything seems to be in order, you buy two round-trip tickets to Romania--then you get over there, and for some reason they won't let you bring back a child?" fretted Mardock. "It's so frustrating. Nothing is certain."

Carol and Bob Mardock, a pastor at Brea-Olinda Friends Church, are among hundreds of American couples who long to adopt a Romanian orphan.

They have read the tragic stories, they have seen the heartbreaking news footage. Many have been trying to adopt for years--no easy feat, regardless of the child's nationality. And now their passion has been fired by additional incentive: They want to rescue one of Romania's forsaken children.

About 100,000 children and adolescents live in Romanian institutions that provide minimal care--physically, nutritionally and emotionally.

Their plight is largely due to the harsh 25-year regime of Nicolae Ceausescu. In an effort to increase the Romanian population, he heavily fined couples who produced fewer than five children. The dictator, executed after last December's revolution, also made birth control virtually unavailable.

As a result, many people in the impoverished country--where even such basic necessities as food staples and soap are scarce--have relinquished unaffordable children to the state's care.

Although French citizens have been adopting Romanian children for years, it wasn't until Ceausescu's fall that Americans en masse learned of the myriad orphans.

"Since January, we have received as many as 400 calls a week regarding Romanian orphans," said State Department spokesman Charles S. Smith.

But, despite the multitude of children who need parents--and the multitude of Americans clamoring to fill that role for them--adoption is not so simple as jetting to Romania and plucking a child from his bleak surroundings.

On June 11, the new Romanian government temporarily froze all international adoptions to reorganize the procedure. The freeze recently was lifted, but success stories remain few and far between. Only about 35 American families have managed to adopt Romanian children since the revolution, Smith said.

"In a country run by a Communist government for so many years, of course there is a lot of red tape," said Downey lawyer Alexandru Cristea, a native of Romania who has been providing adoption information from the International Institute of Los Angeles over the last few months. While the revised law--which transfers approval of adoptions from the presidential office to district courts--eventually could prove more expedient, Smith warned that its benefits may be slow in coming.

In a tiny town just outside Joplin, a landmark adoption case tests the limits of inalienable human rights

In a tiny town just outside Joplin, a landmark adoption case tests the limits of inalienable human rights

John H. Tucker

published: October 20, 2011

Tonight, in a modest brick row house in the sleepy city of Carthage, beyond the Ozark Mountains and the mines of southwest Missouri, past the poultry plants and churches along Interstate 44 and U.S. 71, down the block from the Jasper County courthouse and historic town square, a five-year-old boy is going to bed.

SCHRIFTLICHE ANFRAGE E-3261/01 von Joke Swiebel (PSE) an die


SCHRIFTLICHE ANFRAGE E-3261/01 von Joke Swiebel (PSE) an die
Kommission. Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1347/2000 und Ermöglichung der
bürgerlichen Ehe und Adoption durch gleichgeschlechtliche Paare in den
Niederlanden. 





Amtsblatt Nr. 028 E vom 06/02/2003 S. 0002 - 0003



SCHRIFTLICHE ANFRAGE E-3261/01

von Joke Swiebel (PSE) an die Kommission

(23. November 2001)

Betrifft:
Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1347/2000 und Ermöglichung der bürgerlichen Ehe und
Adoption durch gleichgeschlechtliche Paare in den Niederlanden

 

Am
1. März 2001 ist die Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1347/2000(1) über die
Zuständigkeit und die Anerkennung und Vollstreckung von Entscheidungen
in Ehesachen und in Verfahren betreffend die elterliche Verantwortung
für die gemeinsamen Kinder der Ehegatten in Kraft getreten. Am 1. April
2001 ist in den Niederlanden das Gesetz über die Ermöglichung der
bürgerlichen Ehe für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare in Kraft getreten
ebenso wie das Gesetz, das Adoptionen durch gleichgeschlechtliche Paare
erlaubt.

In einem Schreiben vom 15. Mai 2001 hat der
Generaldirektor für Personal und Verwaltung der Kommission, Herr
Reichenbach, erklärt, dass seiner Auffassung nach alle nach
niederländischem bürgerlichem Recht geschlossene Ehen im Hinblick auf
die Anwendung des Beamtenstatuts innerhalb der Kommission anerkannt
werden müssen.

1. Ist es nach Auffassung der Kommission richtig,
dass sich Herr Reichenbach dabei auf Artikel 1 a des Beamtenstatuts
beruft, der den Beamten das Recht auf Gleichbehandlung ungeachtet u.a.
ihrer sexuellen Orientierung einräumt, sowie auf Artikel 9 der
Europäischen Grundrechte-Charta?

2. Ist die Kommission der
Meinung, dass im Einklang mit dieser Auslegung unter der Ehe und den
Ehepartnern in der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1347/2000 auch die Ehe zwischen
zwei gleichgeschlechtlichen Personen verstanden werden muss, die nach
niederländischem bürgerlichem Recht geschlossen wurde?

3. Ist die
Kommission der Auffassung, dass, falls man die liberalisierte
niederländische Ehe, die während der Ausarbeitung der Verordnung bereits
ihre Schatten vorauswarf, aus dem Anwendungsgebiet der Verordnung hätte
heraushalten wollen, dies ausdrücklich und explizit in der Verordnung
hätte erwähnt werden müssen?

4. Ist die Kommission der Auffassung,
dass auch die elterliche Verantwortung von gleichgeschlechtlichen
Ehepaaren, die nach niederländischem Recht rechtmäßig für den Partner
des Elternteils entsteht, das zu dem Kind in einem
abstammungsrechtlichen Verhältnis steht, durch die Verordnung (EG) Nr.
1347/2000 abgedeckt wird?

5. Ist die Kommission der Auffassung,
dass in den Richtlinien und Verordnungen, die sich auf die Freizügigkeit
von Bürgern in der EU und anderen Personen beziehen, wie u.a. die
Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 1612/68(2), der Begriff Ehepartner im Einklang mit
dem niederländischen Recht auch den gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehepartner
umfasst?

 

(1) ABl. L 160 vom 30.6.2000, S. 19.

(2) ABl. L 257 vom 19.10.1968, S. 2.

 

 

 

 

Antwort von Herrn Vitorino im Namen der Kommission

(12. März 2002)

 

Die
Kommission hat bereits Überlegungen zur Frage der Anerkennung des
niederländischen Gesetzes über Ehen von gleichgeschlechtlichen Partnern
in Bezug auf die Umsetzung im Beamtenstatut angestellt. In ihrer Antwort
auf die schriftliche Anfrage QE-P-2438/01 von Frau Buitenweg(1) vom 15.
Oktober 2001 heißt es dazu, sie habe sich mit der Frage befasst, wie
auf das Gesetz zur Änderung des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs der Niederlande
zu reagieren sei, das eine Ehe zwischen gleichgeschlechtlichen Partnern
anerkennt. Nach Konsultationen innerhalb ihrer Dienststellen erteilt
die Kommission Anweisungen, die Eheschließung eines Beamten oder einer
Beamtin, die nach dem geänderten Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch der Niederlande
anerkannt ist, in gleicher Weise zu behandeln wie jede andere, in einem
Mitgliedstaat anerkannte Eheschließung. Diese Haltung stützt sich auf
Artikel 1 a des Beamtenstatuts und Artikel 9 der Europäischen
Grundrechte-Charta und entspricht der Position, die der Generaldirektor
für Personal und Verwaltung in seiner Mitteilung vom 15. Mai 2001
eingenommen hat.

Wie durch die ständige Rechtsprechung des
Europäischen Gerichtshofs(2) bestätigt wird, der bisher lediglich mit
der möglichen Gleichstellung unverheirateter Partner mit Ehepartnern
befasst war, enthält das Gemeinschaftsrecht keine Definition der
Begriffe Ehegatte oder Ehe. Folglich hat der Gerichtshof entschieden,
dass bei der Auslegung die Lage aller Mitgliedstaaten, und nicht nur
eines einzigen, zu berücksichtigen ist, wenn diese Begriffe in
Rechtsakten auftreten, die gemeinschaftsweit

Geltung haben. Werden
zur Stützung einer dynamischen Auslegung gesellschaftliche und
rechtliche Entwicklungen angeführt, müssen diese nach Auffassung des
Gerichtshofs in der gesamten Gemeinschaft sichtbar sein. Aufgrund dessen
urteilte der Gerichtshof in der Rechtssache Reed, Artikel 10 der
Verordnung Nr. 1612/68 könne nicht dahin gehend ausgelegt werden, dass
ein Arbeitnehmer, der Angehöriger eines Mitgliedstaats ist und im Gebiet
eines anderen Mitgliedstaats einer Beschäftigung nachgeht und in einer
dauerhaften Beziehung lebt, im Sinne der Verordnung unter bestimmten
Umständen als Ehegatte zu behandeln ist.

In diesem Zusammenhang
verweist die Frau Abgeordnete auf die Verordnung des Rates Nr. 1347/2000
über die Zuständigkeit und die Anerkennung und Vollstreckung von
Entscheidungen in Ehesachen und in Verfahren betreffend die elterliche
Verantwortung für die gemeinsamen Kinder der Ehegatten. Diese enthält
Bestimmungen zur Zuständigkeit, Anerkennung und Vollstreckung von
Entscheidungen betreffend Scheidung, Trennung oder Eheaufhebung sowie
von in diesem Zusammenhang ergangenen Entscheidungen betreffend die
elterliche Verantwortung für die gemeinsamen Kinder der Ehegatten.

Diese
Verfahrensweise ist Teil des internationalen Privatrechts. Im Blick auf
die Beziehungen zwischen Ehegatten dient sie dazu, Regeln zur
Zuständigkeit festzulegen und in einem Mitgliedstaat die Anerkennung
einer in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat gemäß dem geltenden, nach seinem
internationalen Privatrecht anwendbaren Recht ausgesprochenen Scheidung,
Trennung oder Eheaufhebung zu ermöglichen. Auch wenn die Anwendung der
Verordnung auf Verfahren zur Scheidung gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare
nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, verpflichtet dies die Gerichte nicht
dazu, die Scheidung auszusprechen oder anzuerkennen oder die Ehe
anzuerkennen.

Die Verordnung regelt auch die Vollstreckung der in
einem Mitgliedstaat ergangenen Entscheidung zur Wahrnehmung der
elterlichen Verantwortung in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat. Folglich kann
die Ausübung der elterlichen Verantwortung nicht aufgrund dieser
Bestimmungen übertragen werden. Die Beziehungen zwischen einem
gleichgeschlechtlichen Partner und dem Kind des Partners bzw. der
Partnerin sind eine Angelegenheit des Familienrechts und unterliegen
somit dem innerstaatlichen Recht.

Die Frau Abgeordnete nimmt auch
Bezug auf die Bestimmungen zur Freizügigkeit, insbesondere auf die
Verordnung Nr. 1612/68, die in Artikel 10 ein Recht auf
Familienzusammenführung für den Ehegatten eines Arbeitnehmers begründet,
der sein Recht auf Freizügigkeit in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat
ausgeübt hat. In Übereinstimmung mit der vorgenannten Rechtsprechung
gelten die gesetzlichen Bestimmungen der Niederlande zwar im
Hoheitsgebiet der Niederlande, doch bewirken sie weder die Ausweitung
des Begriffs Ehegatte nach Artikel 10 der Verordnung Nr. 1612/68, noch
verpflichten sie einen anderen Mitgliedstaat zur weiter gehenden
Auslegung dieses Begriffs.

 

(1) ABl. C 93 E vom 18.4.2002, S. 131.

(2)
Rechtssache 59/85 Niederlande gegen Reed EuGH, Slg. 1986, S. 1283, D
gegen Rat der Europäischen Union EuGH, Slg. 2001, S. 4319.

SCHRIFTLICHE ANFRAGE Nr. 3398/98 von Guido PODESTÀ an die Kommission. Adoption von minderjährigen Kindern

91998E3398


SCHRIFTLICHE ANFRAGE Nr. 3398/98 von Guido PODESTÀ an die Kommission. Adoption von minderjährigen Kindern 




Amtsblatt Nr. C 182 vom 28/06/1999 S. 0077

 

SCHRIFTLICHE ANFRAGE E-3398/98

von Guido Podestà (PPE) an die Kommission

(17. November 1998)

 

Betrifft: Adoption von minderjährigen Kindern

Zwar
fallen die Vorschriften für die Adoption und die Pflegschaft von
Minderjährigen nicht unmittelbar in die Zuständigkeit der Kommission,
man darf sich aber zu Recht fragen, wie es möglich ist, daß die Union
nicht rigoros gegen Übergriffe auf Minderjährige bei der Adoption und
der Pflegschaft vorgehen kann, auch innerhalb der Union, vor allem aber
auf internationaler Ebene und wenn die Lage im Herkunftsland des Kindes
instabil ist. Hierbei sei leider auf die Vorfälle in den letzten fünf
Jahren in Rumänien verwiesen, wo die hohe Zahl von Kindern, die von
Bürgern aus den Mitgliedstaaten adoptiert wurden, den Generationszyklus
des Landes ernsthaft gefährdet und nur Kinder, die körperlich oder
geistig behindert sind, nicht adoptiert wurden.

Viele Gesetze der
Mitgliedstaaten in diesem Bereich stützen sich auf die Konvention des
Europarates von 1993 zum Schutz der Kinder, in der die Mitgliedstaaten
zu einer engen Zusammenarbeit in bezug auf die internationale Adoption
aufgefordert werden. In der Entschließung des Europäischen Parlaments
von 1996 wurden der Rat und die Kommission aufgefordert, in Absprache
mit den assoziierten Staaten und unter Beachtung der geltenden
internationalen Vorschriften ihre Zusammenarbeit in juristischer und
sozialer Hinsicht im Zusammenhang mit dem Problem der Adoption zu
vertiefen.

Hält die Kommission es angesichts dieser Sachlage für notwendig:

1.
für die internationale Adoption, bei der es sich ja um eine Sonderform
der Freizuegigkeit von Personen handelt, unbedingt für eine wirkliche
Harmonisierung der Gesetze der Mitgliedstaaten zu sorgen?

2.
Sollte dieses Problem nicht auch unter juristischen Gesichtspunkten
betrachtet werden, damit verhindert werden kann, daß die Adoption zu
einem Handel mit schutzlosen Kindern degeneriert, wenn ein rigoroses,
gleichzeitig aber transparentes und einfaches System von
Garantievorschriften in bezug auf Übergriffe oder Bürokratie fehlt?

3.
Sollte im übrigen nicht verhindert werden, daß dieses neue System der
harmonisierten Vorschriften sich zu einem weiteren bürokratischen
Hindernis für die Adoptionen erweist, sondern vielmehr den Kindern
einerseits Schutz und andererseits die Möglichkeit einer neuen Familie
garantiert?

 

Antwort von Frau Gradin im Namen der Kommission

(7. Januar 1999)

 

Die
Kommission teilt die Besorgnis des Herrn Abgeordneten über den Schutz
von Kindern aus Dritländern im Falle von Pflegschaft und internationaler
Adoption.

Das Hagür Übereinkommen von 1993 über internationale
Adoption schafft einen Rahmen für internationale Zusammenarbeit. Es
regelt die Kontakte zwischen den Behörden im Herkunfts- und Aufnahmeland
und befasst sich mit Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der Anerkennung von
Adoptionsbeschlüssen. Die Rechte und Interessen des Kindes stehen dabei
im Vordergrund. Nach Ansicht der Kommission würde mit der Unterzeichnung
und Ratifizierung des Übereinkommens durch alle Mitgliedstaaten der
rechtliche Rahmen für internationale Adoptionen wesentlich verbessert.
Bisher haben acht Mitgliedstaaten das Übereinkommen unterzeichnet.
Ratifiziert wurde es allerdings nur von Dänemark, Spanien und Finnland.
Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, daß viele der Herkunftsländer das
Übereinkommen bereits unterzeichnet und ratifiziert haben.

Darüber
hinaus wird das Übereinkommen(1) über die Zustellung gerichtlicher und
aussergerichtlicher Schriftstücke in Zivil- und Handelssachen, sobald es
ratifiziert ist, einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu einem zuegigen Abschluß
der Adoptionsverfahren in der Gemeinschaft leisten.

Die Kommission
hat nicht die Absicht, die Rechtsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten in
diesem Bereich in naher Zukunft weiter zu harmonisieren, da es bereits
einschlägige internationale Instrumente gibt.

 

 

 

(1) ABl. C 261 vom 27.8.1997.