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Nepalese parents claim their children adopted in Spain - Whistleblowers NGOs in the delivery of children with local family

 

Nepalese parents claim their children adopted in Spain - Whistleblowers NGOs in the delivery of children with local family


ANA ROJAS GABRIELA - New Delhi - 03/03/2009
 
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On the death of her husband, Nirmala Thapa, Nepali, 35, was forced to surrender their three youngest children to a juvenile facility. He offered to take care and educate them while recovering from its economic strangulation. But when he tried to retrieve them, discovered they had been given for adoption to a Spanish family. It is one of the cases recorded by CWIN, a Nepali NGO for the protection of children.
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Nepal
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Capital:
Kathmandu.
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29,519,114 (est. 2008)
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The parents signed the papers say deceived
The adoptive parents contend that children living in extreme poverty
"She has spent three years trying to return them to their children, but is very difficult: she signed a letter in which the power was down, but cheated because he can not read," said Madhav Pradhan, director of CWIN. Pradhan said that his NGO Thapa helped to report the case to the District government in Kathmandu. Your organization has supported five other Nepalese families to claim seven children who were adopted by the Spanish. In his view, "in Nepal most international adoptions have become irregular.
A study last year by UNICEF and the Swiss NGO Terre des Hommes (TDH) said that poor regulation favored the sale, abduction and trafficking of children, and an industry that thrived in that "it takes more account of the economic benefit the welfare of minors. " Adoptive parents paid $ 25,000 (about 20,000 euros) per child. The center Director recognizes that often fools "poor people in rural areas saying they take their children to boarding school in Kathmandu, and then become available for adoption to foreigners." Seven out of nine parents signed the letter in which he yielded to their children without understanding, the report said.
UNICEF and TDH not clear what percentage of children brought to Spain was in this situation, but that "the irregularities are not uncommon. Up to 80% of guys could have stayed in Nepal "and be reunited with family," said the delegate from TDH, Joseph L. Aguettant.
Spain is the country that has adopted Nepalese from 2000 (681 of 2314 delivered). Of these, about 170 arrived last year. Sources of the Embassy of Spain in New Delhi say their role has been to give the passport to children if the documents are in order.
The Spanish consulted by this newspaper say they knew that their adopted children had biological parents, but in Nepal there as poor families who believe their children will be better abroad. "My daughter is big enough to express their wishes and wanted to be taken: his mother had been widowed and could not keep all their children," says Jose Luis (name). Mary (another nickname) has parents who met her daughter when they went to the Ministry of Justice to corroborate the second time they wanted to give the child up for adoption. "It was a poor family that was relatively happy and peaceful farming that could proceed in a better position. Everything is transparent," he says. The Spanish respondents agree on the rightness of the process. Also, the ideal is that the biological parents could stay with their children, but that it is "utopian" in a very poor country.
But advocates for children's rights take the opposite view: "It is arrogant to think that just because we are rich we are taking a better future. Children are always better with your family and if not, in their country. We are not opposed international adoption, but should be a last resort, "says the representative of TDH. This matches the UNICEF representative in Nepal, Joanne Doucet. "It should promote domestic adoption," asks. However, only 4% of children stay with local families. The secretary of the Ministry of Women and Children do not understand the position of UNICEF and TDH: "Many children will be better off," he says.
Meanwhile, in child care centers and orphanages in Nepal there are about 15,000 children, many of whom have parents and they got there by fraud or coercion. The irregularities were multiplied since 2000, when an orphanage lost its monopoly and its workers "created their own children as business centers," says the manager of TDH. In these places the children live in appalling conditions.
As for Nepalese children are in Spain and that "there are orphans in the strict sense of the word," experts say there is little possibility of a return to his country. "Now is too late. After the adoption has been declared are Spanish citizens," laments the delegate from TDH.
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Giving children adopted by foreigners is a good deal for the orphanages in Nepal. According to conservative figures from UNICEF and the Swiss NGO TDH reported these practices centers around two million dollars (1.5 million) in 2006 alone. And it could be much more, because the centers adopters pressured to give more money after being fond of the child.
The Spanish respondents denied having been extorted. "I saw nothing shady in Nepal, but, as elsewhere, there could be evil people who get rich with this. The fault lies with the families that will be taken forward with the checkbook," says an adoptive mother.
Since January this year, the Government of Nepal has introduced new regulations to the process as a result of pressure from workers for children's rights. Now children can only be placed for adoption through registered sites, and the Ministry of Women and Children assigned children to families. Still, advocates for the rights of children are pessimistic. "The situation is uncertain: the centers are still operating traded and could cater for children who are themselves accredited," said the delegate from Nepal TDH, Joseph L. Aguettant.
Another serious concern is that "the directors of the centers are the ones who decide what children are adoptable and yet are those who receive the money so we should consider to give them more orphaned children in international adoption," says Joanne Doucet Unicef.
http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Padres/nepaleses/reclaman/hijos/adoptados/Espana/elpepusoc/20090303elpepisoc_4/Tes

 

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Cameroon: Orphanages With Hidden Faces

Cameroon: Orphanages With Hidden Faces

Elizabeth Mosima

16 September 2009

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Spanish civil code on adoption

Family Code: Title V
 
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TITLE V Adoption
 
Chapter I. Requirements
 
            
            
 
Article 115. People can take
 
1. To adopt requires:
 
a). To be in full exercise of civil rights.
 
b). Being more than twenty-five years and be at least fourteen years older than the person adopted.
 
2. Only by adopting more than one person in the case of spouses or partners that coexist with a stable. In these cases, it is sufficient that one of the people who adopt have met twenty-five years.
 
[This article is written under Law 3 / 2005, dated April 8, to amend the Law 9 / 1998 of the Family Code, Law 10/1998 of stable marital unions, and Law 40/1991, of the Code of Inheritance by cause of death in the civil law of Catalonia, in terms of adoption and guardianship (DOGC. 4366, on 19-04-2005, p.9935). If you want to see the previous wording of this article, click here.]
            
 
            
 
Article 116. People who can not take
 
They can take:
 
a). The father and mother have been deprived of power or who have been removed while they are caring for a position in this situation.
 
b). The guardian or guardian regarding his tutelage, was not approved until the end of the guardianship account.
            
 
            
 
Section 117. People that can be taken
 
1. People can be taken emancipated minors in the following circumstances:
 
a) the spouse or child of the person who lives in adopting a stable relationship with partner. In these cases, adoption requires that the affiliation is not legally certain about the other parent, or that has died or is deprived of power, or is subjected to a deprivation of due authority, or to have given assent.
 
b) The relatives of the orphans are taken to the third degree of consanguinity or affinity. "
 
c). People who are under the supervision of people who want to adopt, once approved the final account of the guardianship.
 
d). People who are suffering from pre-adoptive foster care, for those who have welcomed.
 
e). Exceptionally, persons who are in foster care situation of those who simply want to adopt, if circumstances have changed and is no longer possible return of those in your family, because there contributes some of the circumstances of l 'pre-adoptive foster care or other that make repayment impossible.
 
2. You can take a person of legal age or an emancipated minor provided that in either cases have lived continuously since before the taking having served fourteen years or has been in a situation of pre-adoptive foster care, or While simple, if there are circumstances in paragraph e of section 1, at least during the year immediately preceding the majority or emancipation and continued living there without interruption.
 
3. In the case of the letters a, b, c and d of paragraph 1 may be adopted, although one of the adopters have killed if he gave his consent to adoption before the judicial authority either in a will, codicil or deed.
 
4. In case of death of the adopting individual or, if combined, both, or when incurred due to loss of power, making possible a new person who was in the process of being adopted or In the second case, when the adoption is declared extinct.
 
[This article is written under Law 3 / 2005, dated April 8, to amend the Law 9 / 1998 of the Family Code, Law 10/1998 of stable marital unions, and Law 40/1991, of the Code of Inheritance by cause of death in the civil law of Catalonia, in terms of adoption and guardianship (DOGC. 4366 of 19-04-2005, p. 9935). If you want to see the previous wording of this article, click here.]
            
 
            
 
Article 118. People who can not be taken
 
May not be taken the following persons:
 
a).'s descendants.
 
b). second degree relatives in the collateral line by affinity or consanguinity, while the marriage lasts that causes this relationship.
            
 
            
 
Chapter II. Constitution and system
 
Section one. Constitution
 
            
            
 
Section 119. Procedure
 
The adoption must always bear in mind the interest of the adopted person and constitutes grounds for judicial resolution in accordance with the rules of this Code and the Procedural Law of Civil Procedure.
            
 
            
 
Article 120. Proposed adoption
 
1. If there were pre-adoptive foster care, or simply, in the cases of paragraph e of section 117.1, to initiate the adoption proceedings should the proposal prior to the competent authority, which must to record, duly certified, the following data:
 
a). The suitability of the reasonable person or persons wishing to adopt given their personal, social, familial, economic and educating their fitness. Those who wish may take recourse through the appropriate procedure for transactions of voluntary jurisdiction, the refusal of approvals by the competent body.
 
b). The last address, if known, of father and mother, guardian or guardians of adopted or adopted.
 
2. In the case of adoption of the person receiving in simple form, the proposal must demonstrate, in addition, the change of circumstances that justify the passage of a measure to another and concur that the requirements of rating pre-adoptive foster care.
 
3. It is not necessary prior to the proposal in the cases of the letters a, b of paragraph 1, or in cases of paragraph 2 of Article 117, or if less than a year ago which is in a position of 'pre-adoptive foster care and has not been revised measure when it started making the record.
            
 
            
 
Article 121. Consent to adoption
 
The adopter or adopters and the adopted child or adopted, if you have twelve or more years must give their consent to adoption before the judicial authorities.
            
 
            
 
Article 122. Assent to the adoption
 
1. Must give assent to the adoption, if not impossibilities to do:
 
a) The spouse of the taking, except in cases of judicial separation or deed, or the person who lives in adopting a stable relationship with partner. "
 
b). The father and mother taken or adopted, unless they are legally deprived of the authority or are subject to a cause of this deprivation, or in the event that the minor has been in a situation of pre-adoptive foster care unopposed, for over a year, or judicially dismissed opposition.
 
2. The assent is always given to the judicial authority. The mother can not give it until thirty days have elapsed from the party.
 
3. The assent of the father and mother can not refer to a person who wants to take determined, unless a reasonable cause outstanding warrants.
 
[This article is written under Law 3 / 2005, dated April 8, to amend the Law 9 / 1998 of the Family Code, Law 10/1998 of stable marital unions, and Law 40/1991, of the Code of Inheritance by cause of death in the civil law of Catalonia, in terms of adoption and guardianship (DOGC. 4366 of 19-04-2005, p. 9935). If you want to see the previous wording of this article, click here.]
            
 
            
 
Article 123. People must be heard
 
The judicial authority shall hear the case of adoption
 
a). The father and the mother of the elderly and people of which the assent is not necessary, except that they are deprived of power.
 
b). People who exercise supervision or guardianship or have actually saved the adopted or adopted.
 
c). The adopted child or adopted child under twelve years, if you have enough knowledge.
 
d). The children of the adopter or adopters and, if appropriate, the adopted person, if they have enough knowledge and possible.
            
 
            
 
  Section two. International Adoption
 
            
            
 
Article 124. Adoption of foreign children
 
Those children may only be taken if foreign authorities confirm that the state of origin:
 
a). The child may be adopted.
 
b). The adoption meets the interests of the child.
 
c). consents required for adoption have been given freely and without receiving any compensation, knowing the consequences and effects that arise, especially as regards the breach of any legal relationship with the family of origin.
 
d). The minor, if you have enough knowledge has been heard.
            
 
            
 
Article 125. Processing
 
1. If no international agreement on the matter, the only competent body handles adoptions of children originating from countries which remain sufficiently ensured respect for the principles and norms of international adoption and proper operation of its administrative bodies and Legal.
 
2. To ensure full respect for the rights of minors, in the case of international adoptions, the competent authority exercises the following functions:
 
a). Take measures to avoid and prevent undue nonprofit practices contrary to the interest of the child.
 
b). Collect and maintain information concerning adopted and their sources and to the extent permitted by law, ensure their access.
 
c). Facilitate and follow the procedures for adoption.
 
d). Advise on the adoption and, if necessary and to the extent permitted by law, keep track of adoptions, when required by the country of origin of the person to be adopted.
 
e). Selecting individuals and families by evaluating applicants according to their suitability criteria and processes established, aimed at promoting the success of the adoptive process.
            
 
            
 
Article 126. Functions of Mediation
 
1. It can only interfere with functions of mediation to the competent international adoption of the Government. However, the Government can prove Partner organizations for the exercise of these functions in compliance with the terms and requirements established by regulation. In any case, these organizations must be nonprofit, must be legally constituted, be aimed at the protection of minors and must defend the best interests of the child over another, according to applicable rules of international law. Be subject to the guidelines, inspection and control of the competent authority.
 
2. In the case of an adoption abroad constituted without the intervention of the competent agency of the Government, this comes at the request of the competent judicial authority in the study and appreciation of the person or persons want to adopt, to determine if they meet the necessary approvals to ensure the development of a child and an adequate fitness educator.
            
 
            
 
Section three. Specific effects of adoptive filiation
 
            
            
 
Article 127. Specific effects of the adoption
 
1. The adoption of kinship between the rise and take his family and the adopted person and their descendants, and produces the same effects as the affiliation for nature.
 
2. The adoption kinship between extinct adopted person and their family of origin, except in cases provided for in Article 117.1.ai adoption among relatives to the fourth grade.
 
3. The links to the adopted or adopted with her family of origin are kept only in cases established by law and in particular the effects of impediments to marriage and in cases where the rights are kept succession .
 
[This article was amended by Law 10/2008 of 10 July, the fourth book of the Civil Code concerning successions of Catalonia (DOGC. 5175 of 17-07-2008, p. 55923-56024). To see the old wording click here]
            
 
            
 
Article 128. Surname of adopted child or adopted
 
1. The person is taken jointly take the surnames of adopters in the order established by law or this Agreement in order to register the first child they have in common. If the adopters are the same sex, the order of their choice of surnames is common agreement. If no agreement, the order is decided by the judge or judge of first instance, in the adoption procedure.
 
2. The adopted or adopted by a person carries the surname of this, except in cases referred to in Article 117.1.a, which retains the name of the person who has previously established the bond of filiation, of accordance with the rules of paragraph 1 in respect of the order of surnames. If this person is taking the same sex, both should establish the order of surnames common agreement at the time of adoption. If no agreement, the order is decided by the judge or judge of first instance. "
 
3. The order of surnames can be invested at the request of taking in the time of adoption or the person taken from the majority or emancipation.
 
4. People of age or emancipated taken can preserve original surname, if they request it at the time of adoption.
 
5. In the above cases of choice of investment demand and conservation, at the time of adoption, the surname of the person adopted must be expressly agreed in the enacting of the court ruling by establishing rating adoption.
 
[This article is written under Law 3 / 2005, dated April 8, to amend the Law 9 / 1998 of the Family Code, Law 10/1998 of stable marital unions, and Law 40/1991, of the Code of Inheritance by cause of death in the civil law of Catalonia, in terms of adoption and guardianship (DOGC. 4366 of 19-04-2005, p. 9935). If you want to see the previous wording of this article, click here.]
            
 
            
 
Section 129. Knowledge of biological data
 
1. The adopted person, from the majority or emancipation, can perform actions leading to ascertain what were his father and his biological mother, which does not affect the adoptive parentage.
 
2. The request may be taken or adopted in the interest of your health data biogenètiques of their parents. So can the adopters or adopted while the minor is taken.
3. The exercise of the rights specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 is carried out without detriment to the duty of reserve actions. 
            
 
             
Article 130. Irrevocability
 
1. The adoption is irrevocable. However, the judicial authority may establish, in the interest taken or adopted, the adoption of extinction if the father or mother nature had not intervened in accordance with the law in the case of adoption by cause that was not attributable.
 
2. The parent must play action within two years following the adoption. 
            
 
            
Section four. Extinction 
 
            
             
Article 131. Effects of extinction
 
1. The termination of the adoption of re-establishing their parentage in nature. The judicial authority may order the restoration of affiliation will be the only parent who has played action.
 
2. The effects produced assets prior to the adoption remain. 

http://civil.udg.edu/normacivil/cat/fam/CF/CF5.html
            

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Codi de família: Títol V
 
Anterior Amunt Següent
           
 
TÍTOL V. L'adopció
 
Capítol I. Requisits
 
           
           
 
Article 115. Persones que poden adoptar
 
1. Per a poder adoptar es requereix:
 
a).Estar en ple exercici dels drets civils.
 
b).Ésser major de vint-i-cinc anys i tenir com a mínim catorze anys més que la persona adoptada.
 
2. Només s'admet l'adopció per més d'una persona en el cas dels cònjuges o de les parelles que conviuen amb caràcter estable. En aquests casos, n'hi ha prou que una de les persones que adopta hagi complert vint-i-cinc anys.
 
[Aquest article està redactat conforme a la Llei 3/2005, de 8 d'abril, de modificació de la Llei 9/1998, del Codi de Família, de la Llei 10/1998, d'unions estables de parella, i de la Llei 40/1991, del Codi de Successions per causa de mort en el Dret Civil de Catalunya, en matèria d'adopció i tutela (DOGC núm. 4366, de 19-04-2005, p.9935). Si vol veure l'anterior redacció d'aquest article, cliqui aquí.]
           
 
           
 
Article 116. Persones que no poden adoptar
 
No poden adoptar:
 
a).El pare i la mare que hagin estat privats de la potestat o les persones que hagin estat remogudes d'un càrrec tutelar mentre estiguin en aquesta situació.
 
b).El tutor o tutora pel que fa al seu tutelat, fins que no hagi estat aprovat el compte final de la tutela.
           
 
           
 
Article 117. Persones que poden ésser adoptades
 
1. Poden ésser adoptades les persones menors no emancipades en els supòsits següents:
 
a) Els fills del cònjuge o de la persona amb qui l'adoptant conviu en relació de parella amb caràcter estable. En aquests casos, l'adopció requereix que la filiació no estigui determinada legalment respecte a l'altre progenitor, o que aquest hagi mort, o que estigui privat de la potestat, o que estigui sotmès a una causa de privació de la potestat, o que hi hagi donat l'assentiment.
 
"b) Els orfes que són parents de l'adoptant fins al tercer grau de consanguinitat o afinitat."
 
c).Les persones que estiguin sota la tutela de qui vol adoptar, un cop aprovat el compte final de la tutela.
 
d).Les persones que estiguin en situació d'acolliment preadoptiu, per qui les té acollides.
 
e).Excepcionalment, les persones que estiguin en situació d'acolliment simple dels qui els volen adoptar, si les circumstàncies han canviat i ja no és possible el retorn d'aquelles a la seva família, perquè hi concorri alguna de les circumstàncies de l'acolliment preadoptiu o altres que en facin impossible el reintegrament.
 
2. Es pot adoptar una persona major d'edat o una persona menor emancipada sempre que en qualsevol dels dos supòsits hagi conviscut ininterrompudament amb l'adoptant des d'abans d'haver complert catorze anys o si ha estat en situació d'acolliment preadoptiu, o bé simple, si hi concorren les circumstàncies de la lletra e de l'apartat 1, almenys durant l'any immediatament anterior a la majoritat o l'emancipació i ha continuat convivint-hi sense interrupció.
 
3. En els supòsits de les lletres a, b, c i d de l'apartat 1 es pot constituir l'adopció, encara que un dels adoptants hagi mort si ha donat el seu consentiment a l'adopció davant l'autoritat judicial o bé en testament, codicil o escriptura pública.
 
4. En cas de mort de l'adoptant individual o, si és conjunta, de tots dos, o quan s'incorri en causa de pèrdua de la potestat, és possible una nova adopció de la persona que es trobava en procés d'ésser adoptada o, en el segon cas, quan es declari extingida l'adopció.
 
[Aquest article està redactat conforme a la Llei 3/2005, de 8 d'abril, de modificació de la Llei 9/1998, del Codi de Família, de la Llei 10/1998, d'unions estables de parella, i de la Llei 40/1991, del Codi de Successions per causa de mort en el Dret Civil de Catalunya, en matèria d'adopció i tutela (DOGC núm. 4366, de 19-04-2005, p. 9935). Si vol veure l'anterior redacció d'aquest article, cliqui aquí.]
           
 
           
 
Article 118. Persones que no poden ésser adoptades
 
No poden ésser adoptades les persones següents:
 
a).Els descendents.
 
b).Els parents en segon grau de la línia col.lateral per consanguinitat o per afinitat, mentre dura el matrimoni que origina aquest parentiu.
           
 
           
 
Capítol II. Constitució i règim
 
Secció primera. Constitució
 
           
           
 
Article 119. Procediment
 
En l'adopció s'ha de tenir en compte sempre l'interès de la persona adoptada i es constitueix per resolució judicial motivada, d'acord amb les normes d'aquest Codi i amb les de procediment de la Llei d'enjudiciament civil.
           
 
           
 
Article 120. Proposta d'adopció
 
1. Si hi ha hagut acolliment preadoptiu, o bé simple, en els casos de la lletra e de l'article 117.1, per a iniciar l'expedient d'adopció cal la proposta prèvia de l'organisme competent, en la qual s'han de fer constar, degudament acreditades, les dades següents:
 
a).La idoneïtat raonada de la persona o les persones que volen adoptar ateses llurs condicions personals, socials, familiars, econòmiques i llur aptitud educadora. Els qui volen adoptar poden recórrer, mitjançant el corresponent procediment pels tràmits de la jurisdicció voluntària, contra la denegació de la idoneïtat per l'organisme competent.
 
b).L'últim domicili, si és conegut, del pare i de la mare, dels tutors o dels guardadors de l'adoptat o adoptada.
 
2. En el cas d'adopció de la persona acollida en forma simple, la proposta prèvia ha d'acreditar, a més, el canvi de circumstàncies que justifica el pas d'una mesura a l'altra i que hi concorren els requisits de l'acolliment preadoptiu.
 
3. No cal la proposta prèvia en els casos de les lletres a, b i c de l'apartat 1, ni en els casos de l'apartat 2 de l'article 117, ni si el menor fa més d'un any que és en situació d'acolliment preadoptiu i no ha estat revisada la mesura adoptada en el moment d'iniciar-se l'expedient d'adopció.
           
 
           
 
Article 121. Consentiment de l'adopció
 
L'adoptant o els adoptants i l'adoptat o adoptada, si té dotze anys o més, han de donar el seu consentiment a l'adopció davant l'autoritat judicial.
           
 
           
 
Article 122. Assentiment a l'adopció
 
1. Han de donar l'assentiment a l'adopció, si no estan impossibilitats per a fer-ho:
 
a) El cònjuge de l'adoptant, llevat del cas de separació judicial o de fet, o la persona amb qui l'adoptant conviu en relació de parella amb caràcter estable."
 
b).El pare i la mare de l'adoptat o adoptada, llevat que estiguin privats legalment de la potestat o estiguin sotmesos a una causa de privació d'aquesta, o en el supòsit que el menor hagi estat en situació d'acolliment preadoptiu sense oposició, durant més d'un any, o amb oposició desestimada judicialment.
 
2. L'assentiment s'ha de donar sempre davant l'autoritat judicial. La mare no pot donar-lo fins que hagin passat trenta dies del part.
 
3. L'assentiment del pare i de la mare no es pot referir a una persona que vol adoptar determinada, llevat del cas excepcional que una causa raonable ho justifiqui.
 
[Aquest article està redactat conforme a la Llei 3/2005, de 8 d'abril, de modificació de la Llei 9/1998, del Codi de Família, de la Llei 10/1998, d'unions estables de parella, i de la Llei 40/1991, del Codi de Successions per causa de mort en el Dret Civil de Catalunya, en matèria d'adopció i tutela (DOGC núm. 4366, de 19-04-2005, p. 9935). Si vol veure l'anterior redacció d'aquest article, cliqui aquí.]
           
 
           
 
Article 123. Persones que han d'ésser escoltades
 
L'autoritat judicial ha d'escoltar en l'expedient d'adopció:
 
a).El pare i la mare dels majors d'edat i de les persones de les quals no cal l'assentiment, llevat dels que estan privats de la potestat.
 
b).Les persones que exerceixen la tutela o la curatela o tenen la guarda de fet de l'adoptat o adoptada.
 
c).L'adoptat o adoptada menor de dotze anys, si té prou coneixement.
 
d).Els fills de l'adoptant o adoptants i, si és el cas, els de la persona adoptada, si tenen prou coneixement i és possible.
           
 
           
 
 Secció segona. Adopció internacional
 
           
           
 
Article 124. Adopció de menors estrangers
 
Les persones menors estrangeres només poden ésser adoptades si les autoritats de l'estat d'origen confirmen que:
 
a).El menor pot ésser adoptat.
 
b).L'adopció respon a l'interès del menor.
 
c).Els consentiments requerits per a l'adopció han estat donats lliurement i sense rebre cap tipus de contraprestació, amb coneixement de les conseqüències i els efectes que en derivin, especialment pel que fa al trencament de tot vincle jurídic amb la família d'origen.
 
d).El menor, si té prou coneixement, ha estat escoltat.
           
 
           
 
Article 125. Tramitació
 
1. Si no hi ha conveni internacional en la matèria, l'organisme competent només tramita les adopcions de menors originaris dels països en els quals quedi suficientment garantit el respecte als principis i a les normes de l'adopció internacional i la intervenció deguda dels seus organismes administratius i judicials.
 
2. Per tal de garantir el ple respecte als drets dels menors, en el cas d'adopcions internacionals, l'organisme competent exerceix les funcions següents:
 
a).Prendre les mesures per a evitar lucres indeguts i impedir pràctiques contràries a l'interès del menor.
 
b).Reunir i conservar la informació relativa als adoptats i als seus orígens i, en la mesura permesa per la legislació vigent, garantir-ne l'accés.
 
c).Facilitar i seguir els procediments d'adopció.
 
d).Assessorar sobre l'adopció i, en cas necessari i en la mesura permesa per la legislació vigent, fer el seguiment de les adopcions, quan ho exigeixi el país d'origen de la persona que es vol adoptar.
 
e).Seleccionar les persones i les famílies demandants tot valorant-ne la idoneïtat segons uns criteris i uns processos establerts, adreçats a afavorir l'èxit del procés adoptiu.
           
 
           
 
Article 126. Funcions de mediació
 
1. Només pot intervenir amb funcions de mediació per a l'adopció internacional l'organisme competent de la Generalitat. No obstant això, la Generalitat pot acreditar entitats col.laboradores per a l'exercici d'aquestes funcions en els termes i amb el compliment dels requisits que s'estableixin per reglament. En tot cas, aquestes entitats han d'ésser sense ànim de lucre, han d'estar legalment constituïdes, tenir com a finalitat la protecció dels menors i han de defensar l'interès primordial del menor per damunt de cap altre, d'acord amb les normes de dret internacional aplicables. S'han de sotmetre a les directrius, la inspecció i el control de l'organisme competent.
 
2. Quan es tracti d'una adopció constituïda a l'estranger sense la intervenció de l'organisme competent de la Generalitat, aquest procedeix, a instància de l'autoritat judicial competent, a l'estudi i la valoració de la persona o les persones que volen adoptar, per a determinar si reuneixen les condicions necessàries d'idoneïtat per tal de procurar el desenvolupament integral del menor i una aptitud educadora adequada.
           
 
           
 
Secció tercera. Efectes específics de la filiació adoptiva
 
           
           
 
Article 127. Efectes específics de l'adopció
 
1. L'adopció origina relacions de parentiu entre l'adoptant i la seva família i la persona adoptada i els seus descendents, i produeix els mateixos efectes que la filiació per naturalesa.
 
2. L'adopció extingeix el parentiu entre la persona adoptada i la seva família d'origen, llevat dels casos establerts per l'article 117.1.a i de l'adopció entre parents fins al quart grau.
 
3. Els vincles de l'adoptat o adoptada amb la seva família d'origen es mantenen només en els casos que estableix la llei i, en especial, als efectes dels impediments per a contreure matrimoni i en els casos en els quals es mantenen els drets successoris.
 
[Aquest article ha estat modificat per la Llei 10/2008, de 10 de juliol, del llibre quart del Codi civil de Catalunya relatiu a les successions (DOGC núm. 5175, de 17-07-2008, p. 55923-56024). Per veure l'antiga redacció feu click aquí]
           
 
           
 
Article 128. Cognoms de l'adoptat o adoptada
 
1. La persona que és adoptada conjuntament porta els cognoms dels adoptants en l'ordre que estableix la llei o en l'ordre que aquests acordin en la inscripció del primer fill o filla que tinguin en comú. Si els adoptants són del mateix sexe, l'ordre dels cognoms és el que elegeixin de comú acord. Si no hi ha acord, l'ordre el decideix el jutge o jutgessa de primera instància, dins el procediment d'adopció.
 
2. L'adoptat o adoptada per una persona porta els cognoms d'aquesta, llevat del cas a què es refereix l'article 117.1.a, en el qual conserva el cognom de la persona amb qui té el vincle de filiació establert prèviament, d'acord amb les normes de l'apartat 1 respecte de l'ordre dels cognoms. Si aquesta persona és del mateix sexe que l'adoptant, ambdós han d'establir l'ordre dels cognoms de comú acord en el moment de l'adopció. Si no hi ha acord, l'ordre el decideix el jutge o jutgessa de primera instància."
 
3. L'ordre dels cognoms es pot invertir a petició de l'adoptant en el moment de l'adopció o de la persona adoptada a partir de l'emancipació o de la majoritat.
 
4. Les persones adoptades majors d'edat o emancipades poden conservar els cognoms d'origen, si així ho sol.liciten en el moment de l'adopció.
 
5. En els supòsits anteriors d'elecció, petició d'inversió o conservació, en el moment de l'adopció, els cognoms de la persona adoptada han d'ésser acordats expressament en la part dispositiva de la resolució judicial per la qual es constitueix l'adopció.
 
[Aquest article està redactat conforme a la Llei 3/2005, de 8 d'abril, de modificació de la Llei 9/1998, del Codi de Família, de la Llei 10/1998, d'unions estables de parella, i de la Llei 40/1991, del Codi de Successions per causa de mort en el Dret Civil de Catalunya, en matèria d'adopció i tutela (DOGC núm. 4366, de 19-04-2005, p. 9935). Si vol veure l'anterior redacció d'aquest article, cliqui aquí.]
           
 
           
 
Article 129. Coneixement de dades biològiques
 
1. La persona adoptada, a partir de la majoritat o de l'emancipació, pot exercir les accions que condueixin a esbrinar quins han estat el seu pare i la seva mare biològics, la qual cosa no afecta la filiació adoptiva.
 
2. L'adoptat o adoptada pot sol.licitar, en interès de la seva salut, les dades biogenètiques dels seus progenitors. També ho poden fer els adoptants mentre l'adoptat o adoptada és menor d'edat.
3. L'exercici dels drets especificats en els apartats 1 i 2 es duu a terme sense detriment del deure de reserva de les actuacions.
           
 
           
 
Article 130. Irrevocabilitat
 
1. L'adopció es irrevocable. Nogensmenys, l'autoritat judicial pot establir, en interès de l'adoptat o adoptada, l'extinció de l'adopció si el pare o la mare per naturalesa no havien intervingut d'acord amb la llei en l'expedient d'adopció per causa que no els fos imputable.
 
2. El pare o la mare han d'exercir l'acció dins els dos anys següents a l'adopció.
           
 
           
 
Secció quarta. Extinció
 
           
           
 
Article 131. Efectes de l'extinció
 
1. L'extinció de l'adopció comporta el restabliment de la filiació per naturalesa. L'autoritat judicial pot acordar que el restabliment de la filiació ho sigui només del progenitor que ha exercit l'acció.
 
2. Els efectes patrimonials de l'adopció produïts amb anterioritat es mantenen.
           
http://civil.udg.edu/normacivil/cat/fam/CF/CF5.html

Agency restructuring may not be enough

Agency restructuring may not be enough

ADOPTION: Planned restructuring of troubled Imagine Adoption agency would focus on Ethiopia, but city couple wanted to adopt child from Panama

Posted By FIONA ISAACSON/Examiner Staff Writer

Updated 16 hours ago

A possible restructuring of Imagine Adoption may not be able to help a Peterborough couple trying to adopt from Panama, which hasn’t been identified as a “target country” by the trustee in bankruptcy.

Sponsor A Child, Adoption Center collaborate on child rights


Sponsor A Child, Adoption Center collaborate on child rights


Written by Kingsley Adegboye  
Tuesday, 10 March 2009


Ahead of its “Caregivers Training Programme” scheduled for  June 2009,
Sponsor A Child (SAC), an NGO involved in health and education mission
delivery projects through community aid and education in collaboration with
Adoption Centre (AC) International Child Support, Denmark recently held a
five-day training programme for community based organisations in the field
of child adoption and social development. Mrs. Olatoun Williams,
Coordinator, SAC noted that  officials from AC International,  would train
local partners from community based organizations across the country in
adoption and social development of children as well as resource persons for
the June training programme.

“Cathe and Lene will help sharpen the skills of staff of SAC and our
partners so that in June, we will be ready to roll out the caregivers
training programme. Our rights campaign reinforces the need to pay attention
to the psycho-social development of children at risk so that they can
develop a deeper sense of well-being and stronger social identities, which
is the right to mental and spiritual health, the right to name, family and
identity.

She said the campaign focuses on building the capacity of child caregivers
in remand homes and orphanages to be family for at risk children by
delivering good child care and  builds the capacity of officers of the law
charged with the enforcement of child protection by providing rights
awareness and a clear explanation of rights principles rooted in compassion
and respect as well as a drive to rehabilitate rather than condemn.”

Cathe Pedersen, Programmes coordinator and social worker, AC  International
Child Support said: “our focus primarily is on development of projects in
Bolivia, Colombia and Ethiopia. We would like to expand our activities in
Africa, and since we are already collaborating with Nigeria about
international adoptions.“
 http://www.vanguardngr.com/content/view/30642/80/

Adoption from Kazakhstan to the Netherlands

 

February 15, 2009
Adoption from Kazakhstan to the Netherlands

Category: Column, Conveniently travel - Lammert @ 11:10
The last time I receive many requests for information or to Dutch assistance in adopting children from Kazakhstan to the Netherlands. I think this discussion of the forum, Kazakhstan has contributed. This is me by name as someone who would have good information to help.
I always leave these questions unanswered.

International adoption is one of the most significant actions that can be done in the life of a young child. A child is thereby permanently out of sight and the culture of his biological parents met. This process is not reversible. Television shows like Vanished show that this process is unfortunately a part of the children in permanent damage.
 
In order to provide sufficient safeguards to the child for adoption Netherlands regulated by treaties between countries, and through adoption of professional organizations. Between the Netherlands and Kazakhstan are not tolerated where adoption is regulated, nor are organizations with experience in the Netherlands adoption of adoption from Kazakhstan. In Belgium the situation is different and adoption from Kazakhstan is a relatively normal phenomenon.

Tighten rules for adoption of Russian children by foreign (Lavrov)


 http://fr.rian.ru/world/20090416/121151686.html

MOSCOW, April 16 - RIA Novosti. Russia advocates the strengthening of procedures for adoption of Russian children by foreigners and the establishment of protective measures against violence against them, said Chief of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov in the pages of the Rossiiskaya Gazeta.
"Russia advocates the strengthening of the rights of adopted children and the introduction of protective measures against violence against them in adoptive families. The problems of international adoption are now under the jurisdiction of the Russian Ministry of Education and Research has developed and submitted to the Government of the Russian Federation proposals focused on strengthening control agencies and other foreign organizations responsible for adoption of children in the territory of Russia, "said Lavrov.
The implementation of these proposals "will make it easier for employees consular representations of MID to visit children adopted and timely detect cases of abuse against them."
"It is suggested to introduce the practice of agreements regulating international adoption on the example of the agreement signed in 2008 between Russia and Italy on cooperation in the sphere of the adoption of children" said the minister.
"The resolution of these issues at international level officially dedicate the control functions of organizations mandated for this purpose will prevent those guilty of abuse of children adopted could evade their responsibility," said Sergei Lavrov.
According to the diplomat, only the United States "looking for loopholes in the Russian proposal for bilateral agreements.
"I think the question should be made unequivocally disagree - no adoption," concluded the Russian minister.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 http://fr.rian.ru/world/20090416/121151686.html

MOSCOU, 16 avril - RIA Novosti. La Russie prône le renforcement des modalités d'adoption d'enfants russes par des étrangers et l'instauration de mesures de protection contre la violence exercée contre eux, a déclaré le chef du ministère russe des Affaires étrangères Serguéi Lavrov dans les pages de la Rossiïskaïa gazeta.
"La Russie prône le renforcement des droits des enfants adoptés et l'instauration de mesures de protection contre la violence exercée contre ces derniers dans les familles adoptives. Les problèmes de l'adoption internationale relèvent désormais de la compétence du ministère russe de l'Education et de la Recherche qui a élaboré et présenté au gouvernement de la Fédération de Russie des propositions axées sur le renforcement du contrôle des organismes et autres organisations étrangères chargées de l'adoption d'enfants sur le territoire de la Russie", a précisé M.Lavrov.
La mise en oeuvre de ces propositions "permettra plus facilement aux employés des représentations consulaires du MID de rendre visite aux enfants adoptés et de déceler en temps opportun les cas de maltraitance à leur égard".
"Il est suggéré d'introduire la pratique d'accords réglementant l'adoption internationale sur l'exemple de l'accord signé en 2008 entre la Fédération de Russie et l'Italie sur coopération dans la sphère de l'adoption d'enfants", a souligné le ministre.
"Le règlement de ces questions au niveau international consacrera officiellement les fonctions de contrôle des organisations mandatées à cet effet, évitera que les personnes coupables de maltraitance sur des enfants adoptés puissent se soustraire à leur responsabilité", a ajouté Serguéi Lavrov.
Selon le diplomate, seuls les Etats-Unis "cherchent des échappatoires à la proposition russe d'accords bilatéraux".
"Je pense que la question devra être formulée sans ambages: pas d'accord - pas d'adoption", a conclu le ministre russe.

Saving Imagine Adoption

Saving Imagine Adoption
 Email story

MP'S FIRM LINKED TO ADOPTION GROUPFAMILIES CONSIDER BAILOUT OF FAILED ADOPTION AGENCYEDITORIAL: ADOPTION OVERSIGHTFAMILIES LEFT IN LURCH AS AGENCY FOLDSPARENTS BEG PROVINCE TO FINISH ADOPTIONSWOULD-BE ADOPTIVE PARENTS TAKE ACTIONFamilies left in limbo by agency's bankruptcy cheer plan to hire new management team

Jul 31, 2009 04:30 AM
Comments on this story  (2)
BRIAN CALDWELL
WATERLOO REGION RECORD

KITCHENER–Families are buoyed by a plan to try to save a bankrupt Cambridge adoption agency by bringing in new management.
If successful, it would mean hundreds of clients who invested months of time and up to $20,000 would still be able to adopt children from overseas.
Would-be parents were devastated when Kids Link International Adoption Agency, which operated as Imagine Adoption, collapsed July 14. But they left a Kitchener meeting in good spirits yesterday after about 200 creditors voted unanimously to pursue a restructuring effort outlined by bankruptcy trustees from BDO Dunwoody.
"I've never seen so many people in one room agree on something so quickly," said Ingrid Phaneuf of Etobicoke, who is trying to adopt an Ethiopian child. "It was fantastic."
Under the plan, about six people with the necessary expertise would take over the non-profit agency. The plan would require approval from the provincial government, which licenses international adoption organizations.
Bankruptcy trustee Susan Taves said the plan will be explored and developed over the next two to four weeks to see if it can work.
"I think it's really probable – a high percentage of success here," she said after the meeting.
Companies, church groups, individuals and affected families have contacted trustees with offers to help salvage the agency.
"This is a really unique file," Taves said. "In 20 years of doing this work, I've never had people call and say they'll give money to keep an organization going."
The effort also has an ally in Kitchener lawyer Ted Giesbrecht, who went to Ethiopia this month to ensure children at an agency transition home were properly cared for.
Giesbrecht, who is working for free, said staff at the home – where children matched with Canadian families are housed – hadn't been paid in six weeks.
While helping to complete adoptions that had reached the matching stage, he also reduced expenses at the home from more than $50,000 to $17,000 a month.
If the agency is restructured, Giesbrecht said, that will help stretch the money Imagine still had in the bank when it went bust.
 
David and Holly Guistini of Kitchener paid $14,000 in fees to Imagine and were waiting to be matched with a child in Ethiopia.
They were encouraged when a landscaper sitting next to them at the creditors' meeting told them he'd write off the money he is owed if the agency can be salvaged.
"He said, `You getting your child is more important than us getting our money,'" David said. "I was blown away."
Families have filed claims nearing $3 million. Imagine had $500,000 in cash left, plus about $150,000 in receivables and office equipment. The collapse affected 415 families, with more than 200 in Ontario.
Waterloo Regional Police are conducting a fraud investigation after two directors of Imagine alleged senior staff made more than $300,000 in questionable purchases with corporate credit cards.


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Praise for Community Action
As I read this article about Imagine and the impact on so many families waiting to adopt I was moved to tears. I was even more moved to read about the individuals and companies willing to come forward to provide assitance to make these adoptions happen! Tremendous community response! Makes me even prouder to be Canadian!
Submitted by Daph at 12:06 PM Friday, July 31 2009


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God Bless You!
To all the people who are so caring that they are working for free and willing to forego being repaid in order to help, may God bless you many times over!
Submitted by Older Mom at 7:07 AM Friday, July 31 2009
http://www.thestar.com/news/ontario/article/674544

Couple sold girl to raise sons

Sep 9, 2009

Couple sold girl to raise sons

 BEIJING - A COUPLE in Beijing has been tried on charges of trafficking children after they allegedly sold their newborn daughter to raise money to help rear their two sons, state media reported on Wednesday.
The migrant couple is accused of selling their daughter to a middleman for 10,000 yuan (S$2,086) in January as they left the Beijing hospital where she was born, the Beijing Times said.
The middleman is facing similar charges after he sold the girl to another couple for 21,000 yuan, it said.
The three were tried in a Beijing court on Tuesday, but no verdict was reached, the report said.
'Give me back my child, you cheat,' Zhao Zhongying, the mother of the child, was quoted as shouting at middleman Wang Jianjun, an illegal taxi driver, as she entered the courtroom. 'I never wanted to sell my child. I only wanted to find a good home for her.'
Wang allegedly arranged the sale of the child after Zhao's husband complained about the financial difficulties the family was in while riding in Wang's car.
'I thought if we could sell the girl, we could save money to raise our two boys,' the paper quoted the husband as saying.
Trafficking of women and children remains common in China, with many cases often linked to the country's 'one-child' birth control policy.
Young women are also often forced into marriages or prostitution.
During a four-month period ending in August, Chinese police arrested more than 800 suspected human traffickers and freed nearly 3,400 women and children, state media reported earlier. -- AFP
http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_427445.html

A Crushing Choice for Ethiopian Mothers With HIV

A Crushing Choice for Ethiopian Mothers With HIV

Facing Death, Women Leave Children at Orphanages

By Emily Wax

Washington Post Foreign Service

Saturday, February 19, 2005; Page A01